Fabrication of Subnanometer-Precision Nanopores in Hexagonal Boron Nitride

Gilbert, S. Matt; Dunn, Gabriel; Azizi, Amin; Pham, Thang; Shevitski, Brian; Dimitrov, Edgar; Liu, Stanley K.; Aloni, Shaul; Zettl, Alex

doi:10.1038/s41598-017-12684-x

Cited by 71 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Solid-state nanopores are generally fabricated in a freestanding membrane of a solid-state material such as silicon nitride (SiNx) 75 , graphene 19 , hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) 76 , or molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) 41 , with thicknesses ranging from ~0.3-30 nm. In common nanopore chips (Fig.3g), such a membrane is structurally supported by a ~200-500 µm thick substrate material, typically silicon 75 (Si), glass 16 (SiO2), or Pyrex 77 .…”

Section: Noise In Solid-state Nanoporesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing current noise in biological and solid-state nanopores

Fragasso

Schmid

Dekker

2019

Preprint

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Nanopores bear great potential as single-molecule tools for bioanalytical sensing and sequencing, due to their exceptional sensing capabilities, high-throughput, and low cost. The detection principle relies on detecting small differences in the ionic current as biomolecules traverse the nanopore. A major bottleneck for the further progress of this technology is the noise that is present in the ionic current recordings, because it limits the signal-to-noise ratio and thereby the effective time resolution of the experiment. Here, we review the main types of noise at low and high frequencies and discuss the underlying physics. Moreover, we compare biological and solid-state nanopores in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the important figure of merit, by measuring free translocations of a short ssDNA through a selected set of nanopores under typical experimental conditions. We find that SiNx solid-state nanopores provide the highest SNR, due to the large currents at which they can be operated and the relatively low noise at high frequencies. However, the real game-changer for many applications is a controlled slowdown of the translocation speed, which for MspA was shown to increase the SNR >160-fold. Finally, we discuss practical approaches for lowering the noise for optimal experimental performance and further development of the nanopore technology.

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Section: Noise In Solid-state Nanoporesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing current noise in biological and solid-state nanopores

Fragasso

Schmid

Dekker

2019

Preprint

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“…51,52 Due to this technological importance, several experimental and theoretical studies have been carried out for h-BN with defects. 36,[52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68] Different kinds of defects in h-BN can be classified as vacancy (mono-vacancies to cluster of vacancies), antisite, and impurities. In particular, defects like monovacancies of boron and nitrogen atoms in h-BN are among the most commonly observed defects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Zettili and coworkers have shown the possibility of engineering a cluster of vacancies and characterising them using ultra-high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. 56,61,63 Signatures of defects in h-BN are identified by analysing cathodoluminescence and photoluminescence spectra. 51,64 It is shown that the emission band around 4 eV originates from the transitions involving deep defect levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-harmonic generation from spin-polarised defects in solids

et al. 2020

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The generation of high-order harmonics in gases enabled to probe the attosecond electron dynamics in atoms and molecules with unprecedented resolution. Extending these techniques to solids, which were originally developed for atomic and molecular gases, requires a fundamental understanding of the physics that has been partially addressed theoretically. Here, we employ timedependent density-functional theory to investigate how the electron dynamics resulting in high-harmonic emission in monolayer hexagonal boron nitride is affected by the presence of vacancies. We show how these realistic spin-polarised defects modify the harmonic emission and demonstrate that important differences exist between harmonics from a pristine solid and a defected solid. In particular, we found that the different spin channels are affected differently by the presence of the spin-polarised point defect. Moreover, the localisation of the wavefunction, the geometry of the defect, and the electron-electron interaction are all crucial ingredients to describe high-harmonic generation in defected solids.npj Computational Materials (2020) 6:10 ; https://doi.

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“…Thus far, we have only considered directional anisotropy arising from a non-axisymmetric distribution of the relatively long-range first-order electrostatics along the pore edge. Non-circular pores in hexagonal boron nitride [13,14] or triangular [15,16] and diamond-shaped [11] pores in monolayer MoS2 are marked by strong higher-order electrostatics and present another potentially interesting case. For example, let us consider the directional response of the diamond-shaped pores in MoS2 [11].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion transport across solid-state ion channels perturbed by directed strain

et al. 2020

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We combine quantum-chemical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations to consider aqueous ion flow across non-axisymmetric nanopores in monolayer graphene and MoS2. When the pore-containing membrane is subject to uniaxial tensile strains applied in various directions, the corresponding permeability exhibits considerable directional dependence. This anisotropy is shown to arise from directed perturbations of the local electrostatics by the corresponding pore deformation, as enabled by the pore edge geometries and atomic compositions. By considering nanopores with ionic permeability that depends on the strain direction, we present model systems that may yield a detailed understanding of the structure-function relationship in solid-state and biological ion channels. Specifically, the observed anisotropic effects potentially enable the use of permeation measurements across strained membranes to obtain directional profiles of ion-pore energetics as contributed by groups of atoms or even individual atoms at the pore edge. The resulting insight may facilitate the development of subnanoscale pores with novel functionalities arising from locally asymmetric pore edge features.

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Fabrication of Subnanometer-Precision Nanopores in Hexagonal Boron Nitride

Cited by 71 publications

References 55 publications

Comparing current noise in biological and solid-state nanopores

Comparing current noise in biological and solid-state nanopores

High-harmonic generation from spin-polarised defects in solids

Ion transport across solid-state ion channels perturbed by directed strain

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