Fabrication of scaffolds in tissue engineering: A review

Zhao, Peng; Gu, Haibing; Mi, Hao‐Yang; Rao, C.S.P.; Fu, Jianzhong; Turng, Lih‐Sheng

doi:10.1007/s11465-018-0496-8

Cited by 205 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Natural or synthetic polymer-based scaffolds have advantages and disadvantages in tissue engineering applications. Synthetic polymers can be produced under controlled conditions, and their mechanical and physical properties predicted [5]. Synthetic polymers are also highly used since they are cheap, and their properties (porosity, mechanical, and thermal resistance) can be tailored design.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Characterization, and Histological Evaluation of Chitosan-Ruta Graveolens Essential Oil Films

et al. 2020

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The development of new biocompatible materials for application in the replacement of deteriorated tissues (due to accidents and diseases) has gained a lot of attention due to the high demand around the world. Tissue engineering offers multiple options from biocompatible materials with easy resorption. Chitosan (CS) is a biopolymer derived from chitin, the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature, which has been highly used for cell regeneration applications. In this work, CS films and Ruta graveolens essential oil (RGEO) were incorporated to obtain porous and resorbable materials, which did not generate allergic reactions. An oil-free formulation (F1: CS) and three different formulations containing R. graveolens essential oil were prepared (F2: CS-RGEO 0.5%; F3: CS+RGEO 1.0%; and F4: CS+RGEO 1.5%) to evaluate the effect of the RGEO incorporation in the mechanical and thermal stability of the films. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses demonstrated the presence of RGEO. In contrast, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed that the crystalline structure and percentage of CS were slightly affected by the RGEO incorporation. Interesting saturation phenomena were observed for mechanical and water permeability tests when RGEO was incorporated at higher than 0.5% (v/v). The results of subdermal implantation after 30 days in Wistar rats showed that increasing the amount of RGEO resulted in greater resorption of the material, but also more significant inflammation of the tissue surrounding the materials. On the other hand, the thermal analysis showed that the RGEO incorporation almost did not affect thermal degradation. However, mechanical properties demonstrated an understandable loss of tensile strength and Young’s modulus for F3 and F4. However, given the volatility of the RGEO, it was possible to generate a slightly porous structure, as can be seen in the microstructure analysis of the surface and the cross-section of the films. The cytotoxicity analysis of the CS+RGEO compositions by the hemolysis technique agreed with in vivo results of the low toxicity observed. All these results demonstrate that films including crude essential oil have great application potential in the biomedical field.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Characterization, and Histological Evaluation of Chitosan-Ruta Graveolens Essential Oil Films

et al. 2020

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“…6 Tissue engineering approaches are mainly based on the use of scaffolding biomaterials, seed cells and growth factors/molecules. 7 Bone regeneration involves many bioactive factors with different effectiveness characteristics among the miscellaneous growth factors involved in bone tissue engineering. [8][9][10][11] The bioactive molecules involved in muscle-bone connection should be stressed due to the close relationship between skeletal muscle and bone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Delivery vehicle of muscle-derived irisin based on silk/calcium silicate/sodium alginate composite scaffold for bone regeneration</p>

Xin

et al. 2019

IJN

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Background: Irisin is a cytokine produced by skeletal muscle and usually plays a pivotal role in inducing fat browning and regulating energy expenditure. In recent years, it was found that irisin might be the molecular entity responsible for muscle-bone connectivity and is useful in osteogenesis induction. Materials and methods: To study its effect on bone regeneration, we developed silk/calcium silicate/sodium alginate (SCS) composite scaffold based on an interpenetrating network hydrogel containing silk fibroin, calcium silicate, sodium alginate. Then we loaded irisin on the SCS before coating it with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The SCS/P scaffold was physically characterized and some in vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out to evaluate the scaffold effect on bone regeneration. Results: The SCS/P scaffold was showed a porous sponge structure pursuant to scanning electron microscopy analysis. The release kinetics assay demonstrated that irisin was stably released from the irisin-loaded hybrid system (i/SCS/P system) to 50% within 7 days. Moreover, osteoinductive studies using bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro exhibited the i/ SCS/P system improved the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and enhanced the expression levels of a series of osteogenic markers containing Runx-2, ALP, BMP2, Osterix, OCN, and OPN. Alizarin red staining also demonstrated the promotion of osteogenesis induced by i/SCS/P scaffolds. In addition, in vivo studies showed that increased bone regeneration with better mineralization and higher quality was found during the repair of rat calvarial defects through utilizing the i/SCS/P system. Conclusion: These data provided strong evidence that the composite i/SCS/P would be a promising substitute for bone tissue engineering.

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“…Electrospinning is a simple, yet versatile fabrication technique in order to obtain matrices with interconnected pore structure having a diameter from nano-to micrometer scale by applying a high voltage between the solution and the collecting target. In the last two decades, electrospun scaffolds gained great interest globally due to its flexibility, cost-effectiveness, ease of use, ability to align structures and control the diameters of the fibers [7,16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem cells combined 3D electrospun nanofibrous and macrochannelled matrices: a preliminary approach in repair of rat cranial bones

İşoğlu

Bölgen

Korkusuz

et al. 2019

Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology

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Repair of cranial bone defects is an important problem in the clinical area. The use of scaffolds combined with stem cells has become a focus in the reconstruction of critical-sized bone defects. Electrospinning became a very attracting method in the preparation of tissue engineering scaffolds in the last decade, due to the unique nanofibrous structure of the electrospun matrices. However, they have a limitation for three dimensional (3D) applications, due to their two-dimensional structure and pore size which is smaller than a cellular diameter which cannot allow cell migration within the structure. In this study, electrospun poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) membranes were spirally wounded to prepare 3D matrices composed of nanofibers and macrochannels. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells were injected inside the scaffolds after the constructs were implanted in the cranial bone defects in rats. New bone formation, vascularisation and intramembranous ossification of the critical size calvarial defect were accelerated by using mesenchymal stem cells combined 3D spiral-wounded electrospun matrices.

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Fabrication of scaffolds in tissue engineering: A review

Cited by 205 publications

References 117 publications

Synthesis, Characterization, and Histological Evaluation of Chitosan-Ruta Graveolens Essential Oil Films

Synthesis, Characterization, and Histological Evaluation of Chitosan-Ruta Graveolens Essential Oil Films

<p>Delivery vehicle of muscle-derived irisin based on silk/calcium silicate/sodium alginate composite scaffold for bone regeneration</p>

Stem cells combined 3D electrospun nanofibrous and macrochannelled matrices: a preliminary approach in repair of rat cranial bones

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