Fabrication of poly(lactic acid)/Ti composite scaffolds with enhanced mechanical properties and biocompatibility via fused filament fabrication (FFF)–based 3D printing

Lee, Jina; Lee, Hyun; Cheon, Kwang-Hee; Park, Cheonil; Jang, Tae‐Sik; Kim, Hyoun‐Ee; Jung, Hyun‐Do

doi:10.1016/j.addma.2019.100883

Cited by 56 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Although it is associated with plastic materials such as polylactic acid (PLA) or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), the filament can be filled with a high percentage of metallic particles in order to print metallic parts. Some of the metals used are copper [54], stainless steel [55], and titanium [56].…”

Section: Materials Extrusion By Fused Deposition Modelling (Fdm) or Fumentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of AM Technologies for Metals in the Sector of Medical Implants

Buj-Corral

Tejo-Otero

Fenollosa-Artés

2020

Metals

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Additive manufacturing (AM) processes have undergone significant progress in recent years, having been implemented in sectors as diverse as automotive, aerospace, electrical component manufacturing, etc. In the medical sector, different devices are printed, such as implants, surgical guides, scaffolds, tissue engineering, etc. Although nowadays some implants are made of plastics or ceramics, metals have been traditionally employed in their manufacture. However, metallic implants obtained by traditional methods such as machining have the drawbacks that they are manufactured in standard sizes, and that it is difficult to obtain porous structures that favor fixation of the prostheses by means of osseointegration. The present paper presents an overview of the use of AM technologies to manufacture metallic implants. First, the different technologies used for metals are presented, focusing on the main advantages and drawbacks of each one of them. Considered technologies are binder jetting (BJ), selective laser melting (SLM), electron beam melting (EBM), direct energy deposition (DED), and material extrusion by fused filament fabrication (FFF) with metal filled polymers. Then, different metals used in the medical sector are listed, and their properties are summarized, with the focus on Ti and CoCr alloys. They are divided into two groups, namely ferrous and non-ferrous alloys. Finally, the state-of-art about the manufacture of metallic implants with AM technologies is summarized. The present paper will help to explain the latest progress in the application of AM processes to the manufacture of implants.

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Section: Materials Extrusion By Fused Deposition Modelling (Fdm) or Fumentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of AM Technologies for Metals in the Sector of Medical Implants

Buj-Corral

Tejo-Otero

Fenollosa-Artés

2020

Metals

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“…The FFF technique is extremely costeffective, and easily scalable for industrial production. Besides, FFF versatility in terms of employed materials and scalability makes it suitable for production of medical devices, especially in orthopaedics whose market is growing exponentially (Wang et al, 2017;Lee et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing of Sr2+ Containing Poly L-Lactic Acid-Based Hybrid Composites for Additive Manufacturing of Bone Scaffolds

et al. 2020

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Biodegradable composite materials represent one of the major areas of investigation for bone tissue engineering due to their tuneable compositional and mechanical properties, which can potentially mimic those of bone and potentially avoid the removal of implants, mitigating the risks for the patient and reducing the overall clinical costs. In addition, the introduction of additive manufacturing technologies enables a strict control over the final morphological features of the scaffolds. In this scenario, the optimisation of 3D printable resorbable composites, made of biocompatible polymers and osteoinductive inorganic phases, offers the potential to produce a chemically and structurally biomimetic implant, which will resorb over time. The present work focuses on the development and process optimisation of two hybrid composite filaments, to be used as feedstock for the fused filament fabrication 3D printing process. A Poly L-lactic acid matrix was blended with either rod-like nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) or nanoparticles of mesoporous bioactive glasses, both partially substituted with strontium (Sr2+), due to the well-known pro-osteogenic effect of this ion. Both inorganic phases were incorporated into Poly L-lactic acid using an innovative combination of processes, obtaining a homogeneous distribution throughout the polymer whilst preserving their ability to release Sr2+. The filament mechanical properties were not hindered after the incorporation of the inorganic phases, resulting in tensile strengths and moduli within the range of cancellous bone, 50 ± 10 MPa and 3 ± 1 GPa. Finally, the rheological characterization of the hybrid composites indicated a shear thinning behaviour, ideal for the processing with fused filament fabrication, proving the potential of these materials to be processed into 3D structures aiming bone regeneration.

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“…Regarding the DSC curve ( Figure 3b), three typical states of thermoplastic polymers, namely the Tg point (glass transition temperature), the Tc point (the point of crystallization) and the Tm point (the melting point), were present [57][58][59]. During the heating cycle, an endothermic event was observed at around 65 • C, which corresponds to the Tg point.…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysis (Tga) and Differential Scanning Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the melting point), were present[57][58][59]. During the heating cycle, an endothermic event was 217 observed at around 65 °C , which corresponds to the Tg point.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Novel Synthesis of Core-Shell Biomaterials from Polymeric Filaments with a Bioceramic Coating for Biomedical Applications

et al. 2020

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Bone tissue engineering is constantly in need of new material development with improved biocompatibility or mechanical features closer to those of natural bone. Other important factors are the sustainability, cost, and origin of the natural precursors involved in the technological process. This study focused on two widely used polymers in tissue engineering, namely polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), as well as bovine-bone-derived hydroxyapatite (HA) for the manufacturing of core-shell structures. In order to embed the ceramic particles on the polymeric filaments surface, the materials were introduced in an electrical oven at various temperatures and exposure times and under various pressing forces. The obtained core-shell structures were characterized in terms of morphology and composition, and a pull-out test was used to demonstrate the particles adhesion on the polymeric filaments structure. Thermal properties (modulated temperature and exposure time) and the pressing force's influence upon HA particles' insertion degree were evaluated. More to the point, the form variation factor and the mass variation led to the optimal technological parameters for the synthesis of core-shell materials for prospect additive manufacturing and regenerative medicine applications.Coatings 2020, 10, 283 2 of 18 importance. Among these, PLA was widely used, mainly due to its biocompatibility with the human organism and the advantageous synthesis alternative from sustainable natural resources (e.g., beet or maize) [14]. Along with PLA, TPU was remarked in the additive manufacturing technology [15]. The TPU applications in the medical field spread from blood vessels, implants, and prosthetics, to scaffolding in tissue engineering, dialysis membranes, or breast implants [16].Furthermore, naturally derived hydroxyapatite (HA) is a bioactive ceramic, with similar chemical and structural properties to the mineral component of the natural bone tissue, and exceptional biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. HA can be synthesized from various renewable resources (e.g. fish, sheep, cattle or bovine bones [17,18] or marine shells [19,20]).Along with the development of new biomaterials, the cost-efficient and highly performant processing techniques for final products manufacturing are also in need of improvement. Additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing can be considered 21st century technology due to the possibility to attain patient-customized and adapted products [14]. However, the most widely and accessible used technique in orthopedics is fused deposition modeling (FDM) or fused filler fabrication (FFF) [8,14,21,22], which provide 3D scaffolds with a well-defined design by extruding a digital 3D model from thermoplastic polymeric materials heated to their melting point [22].This study aims to provide a new core-shell material that can be used in the FDM technique, targeted due to its rigorous control of parameters (temperature, bed temperature, feed rate, printing speed, etc.) [23][24][25][26][27].Therefore, thi...

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Fabrication of poly(lactic acid)/Ti composite scaffolds with enhanced mechanical properties and biocompatibility via fused filament fabrication (FFF)–based 3D printing

Cited by 56 publications

References 67 publications

Development of AM Technologies for Metals in the Sector of Medical Implants

Development of AM Technologies for Metals in the Sector of Medical Implants

Processing of Sr2+ Containing Poly L-Lactic Acid-Based Hybrid Composites for Additive Manufacturing of Bone Scaffolds

Novel Synthesis of Core-Shell Biomaterials from Polymeric Filaments with a Bioceramic Coating for Biomedical Applications

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