Fabrication of Periodic 3D Nanostructuration for Optical Surfaces by Holographic Two-Photon-Polymerization

Abstract

Abstract-This study fabricated periodic 3D nanostructures by using a periodic voxel array for light extraction. Two-photon polymerization (TPP) is a well-known technology used for generating complex 3D micro-and nanostructures with sub-100-nm resolution. Because of the periodic voxel-by-voxel array fabrication process, the fabrication of holographic two-photon polymerization (HTPP) can be faster than that of traditional TPP. HTPP promises a flexible technique to fabricate an arbitrary periodic 3D structured optical surface. In this research, we used a 25 × 25 beam-splitting holographic mask to generate a periodic focus in a photocured material and to systematically fabricate complex 3D nanostructures at rates of mm² per minute. The optical responses of nanostructures with a 1 μm period fabricated in a polymer were characterized using 3D optical microscopy. The experimental results of the light distribution demonstrated favorable agreement with those of the simulation. In the light-extracting experiment, the light extraction capability of the gold-layer nanostructures was 3.6 times higher than that of the glass without nanostructures.

Alleviating Distortion and Improving the Young’s Modulus in Two-Photon Polymerization Fabrications

“…Currently most of the works on TPP have been dedicated to developing the technique [10,11,12,13] and applying the technique to fabricate complex shaped microstructures [14,15,16], micro-machineries [17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25], micro/opto/electro-fluidic systems [26,27], and scaffolds for tissue engineering [28,29]. It has been demonstrated that a proper scaffold design and material stiffness can lead mesenchymal stem cells without osteogenic stimulation to differentiate towards osteogenic lineage [29].…”