Abstract:Particulate polymer microdevices are fabricated using protocols based on a transfer‐molding process that allows the controlled assembly of multiple materials to produce functional devices. Specifically, protocols for reservoir‐containing (see image; scale bar=100 μm), capsulelike, and self‐folding polymer microdevices are presented. The encapsulated materials are not exposed to high temperatures or caustic solutions, which is important in drug‐delivery applications.
“…[7][8][9][10] This process has also been used to fabricate multilayer microscale polymeric vesicles for drug delivery. 11,12 Here, we employ scrolling in the fabrication of adaptable polymer particles that can alter their geometry when triggered by given stimuli, such as temperature, thus altering flow characteristics and adsorption properties, provide understanding of how the materials and processing conditions alter the particle geometry, and quantify the responsive kinetics for these particles.…”
Adaptable polymer particles that can change geometry, flow characteristics, and adsorption properties upon the stimulation of an environmental change, such as temperature, are fabricated by utilizing the residual stress developed at the interface of a bilayer. We propose a phase diagram that can be used to predict the shape and size of the adaptive polymer particles as a function of the material modulus, thickness ratio, and the bilayer’s lateral dimensions. The materials used are gold/titanium and polydimethylsiloxane, but the method is applicable to a wide range of material combinations. Initial demonstrations of this responsive control and its impact on properties of the adaptive polymer particles are also presented.
“…[7][8][9][10] This process has also been used to fabricate multilayer microscale polymeric vesicles for drug delivery. 11,12 Here, we employ scrolling in the fabrication of adaptable polymer particles that can alter their geometry when triggered by given stimuli, such as temperature, thus altering flow characteristics and adsorption properties, provide understanding of how the materials and processing conditions alter the particle geometry, and quantify the responsive kinetics for these particles.…”
Adaptable polymer particles that can change geometry, flow characteristics, and adsorption properties upon the stimulation of an environmental change, such as temperature, are fabricated by utilizing the residual stress developed at the interface of a bilayer. We propose a phase diagram that can be used to predict the shape and size of the adaptive polymer particles as a function of the material modulus, thickness ratio, and the bilayer’s lateral dimensions. The materials used are gold/titanium and polydimethylsiloxane, but the method is applicable to a wide range of material combinations. Initial demonstrations of this responsive control and its impact on properties of the adaptive polymer particles are also presented.
“…The materials such as poly(ethyl glycol) dimethycrylate (PEGDMA) is used for such process. Such photolithography also includes exposing the substrate to the UV light which results in filling of microdevices with drugs for sequential delivery of therapeutics [30]. Besides, these micro-reservoirs can also be filled with drugs using microinjection techniques.…”
Abstract-The popularisation of the microsystems has paved a way for the evolution of a new class of controlled drug delivery devices which allow tailored delivery of drugs. Additionally, these drug delivery systems enhance efficiency and patient consent. Developing better drug delivery methods is the prime target of the pharmaceutical companies worldwide. The process of drug delivery is as essential as the drug's activity in deciding its effectiveness. These drug delivery systems do not simply release the drug but disseminate the drug in a peculiar manner in accordance to which it has been engineered. Although in their initial stages, the microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) demonstrate the immense potential for conquering the various challenges that are faced by the present drug delivery techniques. Microneedles, micropumps, microvalves, and implantable drug delivery systems have been developed using microfabrication techniques. Several microdevices have been engineered such that they deliver multiple drugs with different dosages in series or parallel which provide several advantages such as extension in the variety of the desirable compounds and precise dosing. Transdermal drug delivery through microneedles enables enhanced permeation through skin layers into the body. Multilayer patch systems lead to an excellent approach in the oral drug delivery. This review examines various MEMS drug delivery techniques along with their diverse benefits.
“…While SU-8 is not currently FDA approved, studies have shown that SU-8 is non-toxic as an implantable material [53–55]. Other biocompatible polymers utilized for microdevice fabrication include chitosan [56], gelatin [57], poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) [56–58], polypropylene (PP) [59], and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) [27, 52, 56]. The intrinsic biocompatibility, biodegradation, hydrophobicity, and structural properties of individual polymers can be tuned by adjusting the chemical structure of the monomer(s) used in polymer synthesis, the molecular weight of the polymer, and/or the crosslinking density [56, 60–62].…”
Section: Materials Utilized For Microdevice Structurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…These patterned elastomers can be used as either a mold, to create devices from recessed regions, or as a stamp, which can be coated with material to create devices or patterned surface modifications in regions of contact. Guan et al have demonstrated a variety of soft lithography techniques that can be utilized to fabricate microdevices (Figure 3) [56, 59–60, 68]. In one study, a micropillar PDMS stamp was coated with PPMA before bringing the stamp into contact with a glass slide coated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), creating PPMA microdevices in regions of contact (Figure 3A) [59].…”
Section: Techniques Utilized In the Micro- And Nanofabrication Of Oramentioning
The oral route is the most convenient and least expensive route of drug administration. Yet, it is accompanied by many physiological barriers to drug uptake including low stomach pH, intestinal enzymes and transporters, mucosal barriers, and high intestinal fluid shear. While many drug delivery systems have been developed for oral drug administration, the physiological components of the gastro intestinal tract remain formidable barriers to drug uptake. Recently, microfabrication techniques have been applied to create micron-scale devices for oral drug delivery with a high degree of control over microdevice size, shape, chemical composition, drug release profile, and targeting ability. With precise control over device properties, microdevices can be fabricated with characteristics that provide increased adhesion for prolonged drug exposure, unidirectional release which serves to avoid luminal drug loss and enhance drug permeation, and protection of a drug payload from the harsh environment of the intestinal tract. Here we review the recent developments in microdevice technology and discuss the potential of these devices to overcome unsolved challenges in oral drug delivery.
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