Fabrication of Organic Photo Detectors Using Inkjet Technology and Its Comparison to Conventional Deposition Processes

Cherian, Dennis; Mitra, Kalyan Yoti; Hartwig, Melinda; Malinowski, Paweł E.; Baumann, Reinhard R.

doi:10.1109/jsen.2017.2766700

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A conventional stack OPV architecture promotes passage of the light illumination through the top electrode (anode) incident into the photoactive (organic BHJ) layer of the device. The intended OPV architecture is developed based on the material’s energy band levels, which has been implemented already in the literature [14,42,43] and is also explained in Figure S3 in the Supplementary Materials. Figure 1A shows a typical architecture of the OPV device.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturing of All Inkjet-Printed Organic Photovoltaic Cell Arrays and Evaluating Their Suitability for Flexible Electronics

et al. 2018

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The generation of electrical energy depending on renewable sources is rapidly growing and gaining serious attention due to its green sustainability. With fewer adverse impacts on the environment, the sun is considered as a nearly infinite source of renewable energy in the production of electrical energy using photovoltaic devices. On the other end, organic photovoltaic (OPV) is the class of solar cells that offers several advantages such as mechanical flexibility, solution processability, environmental friendliness, and being lightweight. In this research, we demonstrate the manufacturing route for printed OPV device arrays based on conventional architecture and using inkjet printing technology over an industrial platform. Inkjet technology is presently considered to be one of the most matured digital manufacturing technologies because it offers inherent additive nature and last stage customization flexibility (if the main goal is to obtain custom design devices). In this research paper, commercially available electronically functional inks were carefully selected and then implemented to show the importance of compatibility between OPV material stacks and the device architecture. One of the main outcomes of this work is that the manufacturing of the OPV devices was accomplished using inkjet technology in massive numbers ranging up to 1500 containing different device sizes, all of which were deposited on a flexible polymeric film and under normal atmospheric conditions. In this investigation, it was found that with a set of correct functional materials and architecture, a manufacturing yield of more than 85% could be accomplished, which would reflect high manufacturing repeatability, deposition accuracy, and processability of the inkjet technology.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturing of All Inkjet-Printed Organic Photovoltaic Cell Arrays and Evaluating Their Suitability for Flexible Electronics

et al. 2018

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“…[ 8–11 ] Several kinds of flexible electronics have already been manufactured using the inkjet printing technology, e.g., capacitors, thin‐film transistors (TFTs), resistors, sensors and detectors, radio frequency antennas, photovoltaics, and so on. [ 4,5,7,9–16 ] All these printed applications are clear evidences to validate the implementation of inkjet technology to deposit fundamental layers with electronic properties, i.e., conductors using nanoparticle or particle‐free‐based metallic or polymeric inks, dielectrics by polymer‐based or hybrid inks with embedded nanoparticles and organic semiconductors (SCs). [ 11,12,17,18 ] Although, the printing of these novel materials has always been a big challenge, but due to the continuously evolving market scenario, it has recently become possible to deposit and postprocess (curing/sintering) these materials with high reliability, thereby, satisfying the electrical demands of devices and circuits, e.g., passive device circuit, filter circuit, and photodetectors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the past decade, printed electronics has seen its application entering into different sectors, e.g., wearable and stretchable electronics, flexible, and hybrid electronics such as organic photovoltaics, batteries, multilevel sensor and detector applications and conductive interconnects in the industries related to system packaging. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Due to the numerous benefits such as deposition accuracy in micrometer scale, industry relevant up-scalability, and efficient technique of digital processing, the inkjet printing technology is widely recognized as a smart digital fabrication tool for developing microelectronics on various polymeric substrates. [8][9][10][11] Several kinds of flexible electronics have already been manufactured using the inkjet printing technology, e.g., capacitors, thin-film transistors (TFTs), resistors, sensors and detectors, radio frequency antennas, photovoltaics, and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inkjet Printing of Bioresorbable Materials for Manufacturing Transient Microelectronic Devices

et al. 2020

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Herein, the inkjet printing of bioresorbable materials tuned to function as electrode, dielectric, and semiconductor layers is reported, thereby developing multilayered microelectronic devices such as capacitors and thin‐film transistors, potentially applicable to address specific medical needs. Polymers and natural materials, e.g., poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate), shellac, and β‐carotene, indigo inks are implemented using jettable formulations, that are either commercially procured or self‐formulated, designed explicitly to deposit fundamental layers for capacitors and transistors. Several parameters are evaluated and adjusted to precisely define a layer's thickness, topology, and geometry, matching with the properties of a fully biodegradable Ormocere substrate, explicitly developed for the specific biological applications. Furthermore, these parameters support in acquiring the intended electrical properties of layers, i.e., conductivity, insulation, semiconductivity, capacitance, and current versus voltage characteristics. The entire manufacturing process of devices is accomplished on the Ormocere substrate under ambient conditions and below 60 °C. The results exhibit that the electrical characteristics of the printed functional layers and devices show direct influence to the physical geometry of the printed features. A fully printed capacitor demonstrates capacitance of 1 nF cm−2, whereas transistors show p‐type and n‐type characteristics with current 0.18–5 μA and mobility 6 × 10−4–7 × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1.

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“…[ 15–21 ] However, to fully exploit the combined potential of printing with the versatility of OSCs, fabrication procedures have to be developed that simplify the printing process of multilayer device architectures while at the same time improve their performance. [ 22–24 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[15][16][17][18][19][20][21] However, to fully exploit the combined potential of printing with the versatility of OSCs, fabrication procedures have to be developed that simplify the printing process of multilayer device architectures while at the same time improve their performance. [22][23][24] OPDs are usually driven under reverse bias to enhance charge extraction. This reverse bias commonly results in charge carriers being injected from the electrodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol‐Jet‐Printed Donor‐Blocking Layer for Organic Photodiodes

Seiberlich

Strobel

Ruiz‐Preciado

et al. 2020

Adv Elect Materials

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Organic photodiodes (OPDs) are optical sensors combining high performance, lightweight mechanical flexibility, and processability from solution. Their fabrication by industrial printing techniques opens a wide range of innovative applications for emerging fields in sensing and the Internet of Things. They typically consist of printed multilayers with functionalities to absorb light, to extract charges, or to reduce detection noise. However, the printing of such device architecture poses a challenge as the deposition of a material can lead to disruption of film morphology or intermixing of materials if its solvent interacts with the previously deposited layer. This work proposes a process to print multilayers from the same solvent system utilizing the aerosol‐jet technique. By fine adjustment of the aerosol properties through the tube temperature (TTube), the drying time of poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT) printed layers is significantly reduced. This allows its deposition onto a P3HT‐based bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) without negatively affecting its performance. The additional printed P3HT layer, spatially extends the donor region of the BHJ, providing ideal hole extraction and simultaneous noise reduction by the blocking of injected electrons. This donor blocking layer (DBL) yields a noise reduction of two orders of magnitude in OPDs operated under −2 V reverse bias.

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Fabrication of Organic Photo Detectors Using Inkjet Technology and Its Comparison to Conventional Deposition Processes

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

Manufacturing of All Inkjet-Printed Organic Photovoltaic Cell Arrays and Evaluating Their Suitability for Flexible Electronics

Manufacturing of All Inkjet-Printed Organic Photovoltaic Cell Arrays and Evaluating Their Suitability for Flexible Electronics

Inkjet Printing of Bioresorbable Materials for Manufacturing Transient Microelectronic Devices

Aerosol‐Jet‐Printed Donor‐Blocking Layer for Organic Photodiodes

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