Fabrication of optical fiber gratings through focused ion beam techniques for sensing applications

Jin, Huifang; Alqahtani, Ammar; Viegas, Jaime; Dahlem, Marcus S.

doi:10.1109/pgc.2012.6458009

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It has also been effectively used to cleave and polish the fiber endfacet [131][132][133][134][135][136][137]. In addition, FIB machining has been employed for fabricating lab-aroundfiber and lab-in-fiber devices such as microgratings [138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150], microcavities [151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158][159][160], as well as access holes and channels [161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168][169]. It is worth mentioning that the beam shaping structures fabricated on the fiber tip predominate in FIB applications in optical fibers (figure 7).…”

Section: Lof Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, the sample can be inserted through an access channel created in the fiber cladding, leaving the fiber endfacets free for optical access. FIB machining, which enables precise control of the depth and shape of an opening, has been effectively used to mill channels for lateral access to the longitudinal fiber air-holes without interfering with the fiber endfacet [161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168][169].…”

Section: Access Holes and Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of focused ion beam applications in optical fibers

et al. 2021

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Focused ion beam (FIB) technology has become a promising technique in micro-and nano-prototyping due to several advantages over its counterparts such as direct (maskless) processing, sub-10nm feature size, and high reproducibility. Moreover, FIB machining can be effectively implemented on both conventional planar substrates and unconventional curved surfaces such as optical fibers, which are popular as an effective medium for telecommunications. Optical fibers have also been widely used as intrinsically light-coupled substrates to create a wide variety of compact fiber-optic devices by FIB milling diverse micro-and nanostructures onto the fiber surface (endfacet or outer cladding). In this paper, the broad applications of the FIB technology in optical fibers are reviewed. After an introduction to the technology, incorporating the FIB system and its basic operating modes, a brief overview of the lab-on-fiber (LOF) technology is presented. Furthermore, the typical and most recent applications of the FIB machining in optical fibers for various applications are summarized. Finally, the reviewed work is concluded by suggesting the possible future directions for improving the micro-and nanomachining capabilities of the FIB technology in optical fibers.

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Section: Lof Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Access Holes and Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of focused ion beam applications in optical fibers

et al. 2021

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“…The fabrication of desired plus shaped cavity under FIB can be done by using Gallium ion dual beam accelerating at 30 keV. The drawn can be set to 50 nA with beam spot size of 300 nm [53]. The RI distribution of the model of single vertical slot grating based sensor model is presented in Fig.…”

Section: Designing Of Plus Shaped Single Gratingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plus Shaped Single Grating based Optical Fiber Structure for Water Sensing Application

Singh¹,

Agarwal

Saha

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Fiber grating sensors demonstrate great potential especially for the refractive index based sensing. However, a meticulous effort is still required to improve the sensitivity of fiber grating sensors towards water sensing. In this work, for the first time we have numerically investigated a plus shaped single grating within the core of optical fiber for water sensing applicaions. The primary objective of incoroporating the plus shaped grating within the core is to increase the sensitivity in comparison to existing grating sensors while increasing the analytes quantity. The testing of designed grating sensor model is done within the refractive index range from 1.33 to 1.39 with a remarkable wavelength shift of 65 nm. The analysis of proposed model of grating sensor is accomplished by using finite difference time domain (FDTD) method under the contour of perfect matched layer (PML) as boundary conditions at the interface of core and grating. The attained results depicts the significant sensitivity of the proposed fiber grating sensor for water sample sensing.

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“…A silicon-on-insulator grating fiber coupler has been demonstrated by Schrauwen et al [130] and fiber to waveguide coupling by a lens at the end of the fiber is demonstrated by Schiappelli et al [131]. The modification of optical fibers for sensor application (other than proximal probe) has also been recently investigated [132,133].…”

Section: Photonics (Integrated Optics)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct-Write Ion Beam Lithography

Joshi‐Imre

Bauerdick

2014

Journal of Nanotechnology

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Patterning with a focused ion beam (FIB) is an extremely versatile fabrication process that can be used to create microscale and nanoscale designs on the surface of practically any solid sample material. Based on the type of ion-sample interaction utilized, FIB-based manufacturing can be both subtractive and additive, even in the same processing step. Indeed, the capability of easily creating three-dimensional patterns and shaping objects by milling and deposition is probably the most recognized feature of ion beam lithography (IBL) and micromachining. However, there exist several other techniques, such as ion implantation- and ion damage-based patterning and surface functionalization types of processes that have emerged as valuable additions to the nanofabrication toolkit and that are less widely known. While fabrication throughput, in general, is arguably low due to the serial nature of the direct-writing process, speed is not necessarily a problem in these IBL applications that work with small ion doses. Here we provide a comprehensive review of ion beam lithography in general and a practical guide to the individual IBL techniques developed to date. Special attention is given to applications in nanofabrication.

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Fabrication of optical fiber gratings through focused ion beam techniques for sensing applications

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

A review of focused ion beam applications in optical fibers

A review of focused ion beam applications in optical fibers

Plus Shaped Single Grating based Optical Fiber Structure for Water Sensing Application

Direct-Write Ion Beam Lithography

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