Fabrication of nanostructures using polymer brushes

Orski, Sara V.; Fries, Kristen H.; Sontag, S. Kyle; Locklin, Jason

doi:10.1039/c1jm11039j

Cited by 63 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 207 publications

(268 reference statements)

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“…Post-polymerization modification of reactive polymer films provides the possibility to design complex coatings associated with intricate structure and morphology [1,4,97,98]. Using a simple procedure, two or more types of chemical functionalities can be applied onto substrates that are contained in covalently grafted polymer films.…”

Section: Complex Reactive Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-polymerization Modification of Surface-Bound Polymers

Théato

2015

Controlled Radical Polymerization at and From Solid Surfaces

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Surfaces that have been intricately functionalized with reactive polymers have attracted scientific attention recently because of their potential use in a broad range of applications. Polymers containing chemically reactive functional groups can be utilized for subsequent modification of various surfaces. Reactive polymeric surfaces can be produced by surface-initiated polymerization, such as atom transfer radical polymerization, nitroxide-mediated polymerization, and ring-opening metathesis polymerization. Such surfaces can subsequently undergo postpolymerization modification to alter their physicochemical properties. Postpolymerization modification has a number of advantages, including the fact that diverse polymer structures are rapidly accessible without individual synthesis; polymerization of new functional monomers can produce a variety of surfaces and interfaces; and other materials can be easily modified, which would be difficult using conventional direct polymerization. In addition, the libraries of chemical reactions and materials that can be used in post-polymerization modifications are abundant. Therefore, post-polymerization modification opens up new platforms for the facile and versatile modification of various surfaces. This chapter focuses on a discussion of post-polymerization modification of various surface-bound polymers, from planar surfaces to three-dimensional objects, and on the extended applications of the reactive surfaces.

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Section: Complex Reactive Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-polymerization Modification of Surface-Bound Polymers

Théato

2015

Controlled Radical Polymerization at and From Solid Surfaces

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ultimately, techniques that afford polymer coatings that are easily tunable provide the most versatility to develop a wide array of surfaces. Specialized surfaces such as arrays and sensors provide an insight into the development of small-scale sensors and devices for fields such as biomaterials science and nanotechnology [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].Polymeric thin films are attached to the surface in one of the two ways: through physical deposition of a thin film (physisorption) or by covalent attachment of the polymer chains to the surface (chemisorption). Weak intermolecular forces between the polymer thin film and the substrate govern surface modification by physisorption.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polymer brushes consist of macromolecular chains, in which covalent bonds tether the chains to the surface with a large grafting density to alter the unperturbed solution dimensions of the chains [9]. Films generated from polymer brushes exhibit unique surface phenomena that are advantageous in controlling physical properties such as wetting, phase segregation, absorption of molecules and macromolecules, lubrication, and diffusion control [7].These unique properties of polymer brushes are dictated by the extended conformation of the dense, ordered grafting on the surface. The polymer chains extend to balance the free energy associated with chain stretching and chain-solvent interactions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post‐polymerization Modification of Polymer Brushes

Orski

Sheppard

Arnold

et al. 2012

Functional Polymers by Post‐Polymerization Modification

Self Cite

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IntroductionPolymer thin films are a highly specialized class of polymers on surfaces that range in thickness from several nanometers to micrometers. The chemical composition and conformation of the polymer chains at the surface can dictate interfacial properties such as adhesion, friction, wetting, and absorption of molecules from the environment. Ultimately, techniques that afford polymer coatings that are easily tunable provide the most versatility to develop a wide array of surfaces. Specialized surfaces such as arrays and sensors provide an insight into the development of small-scale sensors and devices for fields such as biomaterials science and nanotechnology [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].Polymeric thin films are attached to the surface in one of the two ways: through physical deposition of a thin film (physisorption) or by covalent attachment of the polymer chains to the surface (chemisorption). Weak intermolecular forces between the polymer thin film and the substrate govern surface modification by physisorption. Physisorption can lead to failure of the thin film under nonideal conditions by delamination, dewetting, desorption, and displacement [8]. In contrast, covalent attachment of a polymer thin film to the surface provides enhanced stability to polymer surface modification over physical absorption methods. Polymer brushes consist of macromolecular chains, in which covalent bonds tether the chains to the surface with a large grafting density to alter the unperturbed solution dimensions of the chains [9]. Films generated from polymer brushes exhibit unique surface phenomena that are advantageous in controlling physical properties such as wetting, phase segregation, absorption of molecules and macromolecules, lubrication, and diffusion control [7].These unique properties of polymer brushes are dictated by the extended conformation of the dense, ordered grafting on the surface. The polymer chains extend to balance the free energy associated with chain stretching and chain-solvent interactions. The entropic energy associated with a random walk configuration of the polymer chains favors short, low grafting density brushes. In contrast, a brush will extend to be energetically favorable in a highly solvated,

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Polymer Brush Electrets

Xie

Liu

et al. 2013

Adv Funct Materials

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The charge storage properties of polymer brushes are reported for the fi rst time. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) brushes are explored as electrets to store electrostatic charges. Micrometer-and nanometer-scale patterns of electrostatic charges are successfully fabricated on planar and non-planar PMMA brush fi lms by means of conductive microcontact printing and atomic force microscope lithography, where the charge storage density and stability are studied in detail with Kelvin force microscopy. Importantly, because PMMA brushes are chemically tethered on the substrate, their charge storage properties can be studied in various organic solvents, in which their bulk counterparts will be dissolved. It is found that patterned charges on PMMA brushes are stable enough in organic media, such as hexane and toluene, for guiding the assembly of Au nanoparticles in organic media and the dewetting of polymer thin fi lms with solvent annealing. The electrets properties shall add a new dimension of functionality, apart from the conventional chemical and physical properties, to polymer brushes for a wide range of applications in materials science, nanotechnology, and electronic devices.

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Fabrication of nanostructures using polymer brushes

Cited by 63 publications

References 207 publications

Post-polymerization Modification of Surface-Bound Polymers

Post-polymerization Modification of Surface-Bound Polymers

Post‐polymerization Modification of Polymer Brushes

Polymer Brush Electrets

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