Fabrication of nanostructured Mo coatings on Al and Ti substrates by ball impact cladding

Investigation of structural formation of Al–SiC surface composite under ball collisions

“…6d. The refinement of the Al grains under the ball collisions exhibited a general pattern of accumulation, interaction, and rearrangement of the dislocations, formation of subgrain boundaries and grain rotation [6][7][8][9].…”

“…As a ball impacts the substrate surface, the powder particles are cold welded to the surface, leading to the coating formation. The main processing advantage is that ball collisions refine the grain structure to the nanometer scale, which enables the fabrication of different kinds of nanostructured materials [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. The fabrication of the coatings under the ball collisions demonstrated the intermixture of the materials at the substrate/coating interface and the possible formation of a surface composite layer [4][5][6].…”

Fabrication of Microalloy Nitrided Layer on Low Carbon Steel by Nitriding Combined with Surface Nano-Alloying Pretreatment

“…Additionally, surface mechanical alloying (SMA) was developed based on MA to fabricate coatings on metallic materials via ball milling [16]. Recently, a novel surface technology named surface nano-alloying (SNA) was developed on the basis of SMAT to fabricate a nanocrystalline composite surface on metallic materials [17][18][19][20][21]. Commonly, a small amount of alloy powder was added to the chamber before the SMAT process.…”

Aluminizing a Ni sheet through severe plastic deformation induced by ball collisions

“…Eighty grams of steel balls, each with a diameter of 7 mm, were loaded into the vial on both sides of the Ni disk. One of the main problems associated with ball treatment methods is that impurities are introduced into the material as a result of contamination from the grinding media used in the milling process [21,[25][26][27]. Furthermore, in the early stages of mechanical alloying, a metal powder coats the surface of the grinding medium [21].…”