Fabrication of Mn1Zn Fe2O4 ferrofluids from natural sand for magnetic sensors and radar absorbing materials

Abstract

Mn 1- x Zn x Fe 2 O 4 ferrofluids were produced from natural sand for magnetic sensors and radar absorbing materials. The X-ray diffraction data showed that the Zn partially substituted the Mn and Fe ions to construct a spinel structure. The increasing Zn composition decreased the lattice parameters of the structure. The transmission electron microscopy images showed that the filler Mn 1- x Zn x Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles tended to agglomerate in three dimensions. Lognormal and mass fractal models were used to fit the small-angle X-ray scattering data of the ferrofluids demonstrated that the ferrofluids formed chain-like structures with a fractal dimension of 1.12–1.67 that was constructed from primary particles with sizes of 3.6–4.1 nm. The filler, surfactant, and carrier liquid of the ferrofluids were confirmed by the functional groups of the metal oxides, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, and H 2 O, respectively. The secondary particles contributed to the saturation magnetization of the Mn 1- x Zn x Fe 2 O 4 ferrofluids. The Mn 1- x Zn x Fe 2 O 4 ferrofluids demonstrated excellent performance as magnetic sensors with high stability, especially compared with MnFe 2 O 4 ferrofluids. Furthermore, the ferrofluids exhibited excellent radar absorbing materials. The Mn 1- x Zn x Fe 2 O 4 ferrofluids prepared in this work may serve as a future platform for advancing magnetic sensors and radar absorbing materials.

Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Decorated with Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 Nanoparticles for Magneto-Photothermal Cancer Therapy

“…These peaks can be attributed to the spinel structure of Mn 0.5 Zn 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 . , Notably, the diffraction peak associated with the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was not observed, suggesting a low concentration of MWCNTs in the nanohybrids. Furthermore, no peaks indicative of crystalline impurities were detected, affirming the synthesis of high-purity Mn–Zn ferrite with good crystallinity. , …”

Magnetic field detection using fiber bundle and magnetic fluid as sensors

“…During the approaching process, the number of re‐formed magnetic columns is no greater than the moving away process, even though the intensity of the given magnetic field is the same as the moving away process. This happens because the magnetic particles (forming magnetic columns) as fillers in the carrier fluid (water) experience relaxation 27 . The number of magnetic columns formed, in this experiment, is manifested in the form of an optical detector output voltage.…”

“…The MF is a highly stable water‐based ferrofluid containing Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles of average diameter of 9 nm. The MF was made using a coprecipitation‐sonochemical method 27 . Distilled water is used to dilute the MF.…”

Approaches on Ferrofluid Synthesis and Applications: Current Status and Future Perspectives

“…158 Finally, Mn been utilized as radar-absorbing materials and as magnetic sensors with high stability. 159 Further research is required to elucidate the behavior of NPs in realistic environmental conditions considering the origin and composition of treated water. Also, the determination of the optimum conditions for successive treatment cycles without affecting the absorption efficiency and stability of ferrofluids 93 is an area of opportunity for ferrofluids.…”

“…Moreover, Fe 3 O 4 /Ag (32 nm) NPs have catalytic activity toward the reduction of organic dyes . Finally, Mn 1– x Zn x Fe 2 O 4 ferrofluids from natural sand have also been utilized as radar-absorbing materials and as magnetic sensors with high stability …”