Fabrication of microlens arrays on single-crystal CaF2 by ultraprecision diamond turning

Study on Deformation Behavior of Glass in High-temperature Molding for Massive Unit Microlens Arrays

“…Consequently, MLAs have become indispensable in various applications such as infrared imaging, 3D displays, laser radar, and infrared countermeasures . Among various infrared-transparent materials such as germanium, silicon, oxide glasses, and chalcogenide glasses (ChGs), ChG exhibit exceptional infrared transmittance, ultrawide infrared transmission range, extremely high linear refractive indices, low thermo-optic coefficients, and low vibrational phonon energies. − In contrast, germanium is rare and expensive, silicon is challenging to process with high costs, and oxide glasses suffer from strong infrared absorption and limited transmission bands. − Therefore, ChG is an ideal material for manufacturing MLAs. Several methods are commonly employed to fabricate MLAs, including femtosecond laser processing, − ultraprecision machining, − thermal reflow, , and precision glass molding (PGM). , Among these methods, PGM stands out as a promising technique for mass-producing ChG MLAs due to its high efficiency, high precision and suitability for processing glass materials.…”