Fabrication of mesoporous lignin-based biosorbent from rice straw and its application for heavy-metal-ion removal

Abstract

Lignocellulosic biomass offers the most abundant renewable resource in replacing traditional fossil resources. However, it is still a major challenge to directly convert the lignin component into value-added materials. The availability of plentiful hydroxyl groups in lignin macromolecules and its unique three-dimensional structure make it an ideal precursor for mesoporous biosorbents. In this work, we reported an environmentally friendly and economically feasible method for the fabrication of mesoporous lignin-based biosorbent (MLBB) from lignocellulosic biomass through a SO micro-thermal-explosion process, as a byproduct of microcrystalline cellulose. BET analysis reveal the average pore-size distribution of 5.50nm, the average pore value of 0.35cm/g, and the specific surface area of 186m/g. The physicochemical properties of MLBB were studied by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), attenuated-total-reflection fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and element analysis. These results showed that there are large amounts of sulfonic functional groups existing on the surface of this biosorbent. Pb(II) was used as a model heavy-metal-ion to demonstrate the technical feasibility for heavy-metal-ion removal. Considering that lignocellulosic biomass is a naturally abundant and renewable resource and SO micro-thermal-explosion is a proven technique, this biosorbent can be easily produced at large scale and become a sustainable and reliable resource for wastewater treatment.

Melamine-based functionalized graphene oxide and zirconium phosphate for high performance removal of mercury and lead ions from water

“…12 Finally, it should be noted that the developed M-ZrP adsorbent exhibits one of the highest maximum adsorption capacity (q max ) of Pb(II) ions reported in literature for a variety of organic, inorganic, hybrid, and MOF adsorbents. [48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64] The removal capacity for lead ions by M-ZrP is 680.4 mg g À1 and 1000 mg g À1 using an adsorbent dose of 1 g L À1 and 2 g L À1 , respectively. This removal capacity is higher than most of the reported values for Pb(II) removal by other ZrP-modied adsorbents such as ZrPchloromethylated polystyrene (556.0 mg g À1 ), 51 polymer based-ZrP (398.0 mg g À1 ), 19 Go-ZrP (363.4 mg g À1 ), 21 ZrP-polysulfone (302.1 mg g À1 ), 52 and ZrP-polyvinyl alcohol (121.1 mg g À1 ).…”

“…59 The q max of M-ZrP is also higher than or comparable to the best graphene-based adsorbents for Pb(II) removal such as chitosan-functionalized GO (556.2 mg g À1 ), 60 GO-wrapped melamine sponge (349.7 mg g À1 ), 61 and 3D-graphene/d-MnO 2 aerogels (643.6 mg g À1 ). 62 Although the sulfur-functionalized porous lignin adsorbent exhibits higher q max (952.0 mg g À1 ) 63 than M-ZrP (680.4 mg g À1 ) at the 1 g L À1 adsorbent dose, this adsorbent requires 300 min to reach this high capacity while the M-ZrP requires only 30 min to achieve the maximum capacity. Moreover, the synthesis of the sulfur-functionalized lignin adsorbent involves complicated modications with long processing time unlike the synthesis of M-ZrP which requires only 2 h under mild reaction conditions.…”

“…Therefore, the M-ZrP adsorbent is clearly among the very top performing adsorbents reported in literature for the lead removal from contaminated industrial and wastewater. [19][20][21][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64]…”

Treatment of Coffee Husk with Ammonium-Based Ionic Liquids: Lignin Extraction, Degradation, and Characterization

“… 1 It is known to possess various functional groups, reactive sites, and high content of guaiacyl, syringyl, and p -hydroxyphenyl chemical units. 2 Various applications of lignin are well recognized, such as an additive to composite materials, 3 antioxidants, 4 adsorbents, 5 sorption of heavy-metal ions, 6 anticancer agents, 7 and dyes. The wide applications of lignin emanate from its substantial amount of functional groups and reactive sites presented in the molecule irrespective of its plant sources.…”

Application of Waste Lemon Extract to Toxic Metal Removal through Gravitational Soil Flushing and Composting Stabilization

“…A small protruding crest at wave number 1420 cm −1 indicated that the compost might contain lignin [41]. Both Marina et al [42] and Xu et al [43] showed that the lignin could adsorb toxic metals. A high protruding peak at the wave number 1030 cm −1 suggested that the compost might contain polysaccharides [41], and Choma et al [44] indicated that polysaccharides were able to adsorb toxic metals.…”