Fabrication of mechanically enhanced hydroxyapatite scaffold with the assistance of numerical analysis

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) has been found to be incompetent as it relates to its mechanical integrity, which somewhat restricts its use for load bearing clinical applications. In this study, synthesis and Taguchi grey relational analysis were conducted in the fabrication of mechanically enhanced HAp scaffold for load bearing application. The XRD and FTIR of raw cow bones (RB) and HAp sintered at 900, 1000, and 1100 o C show calcium phosphate contents of the bulk materials. It was also observed that increase in sintering temperature made prominent characteristic peaks of HAp phase to become narrower on the XRD patterns. Taguchi design analysis on the individual hardness and compressive strength revealed 1100 o C as the optimal sintering temperature, but a disparity in compaction load displaying 5 KN for high hardness and 15 K for high compressive strength. Conversely, Taguchi-grey relational analysis gave a common optimal processing parameter levels for high hardness and compressive strength to produce mechanically enhanced HAp scaffold, and are 1100 o C sintering temperature and 5 KN compaction load. Significantly, this study revealed that compaction load has a very high percentage of contribution of 90.15% compared to sintering temperature having a contribution of 7.79%. Confirmation analysis also proved that the experimental grey relational grade of 0.7824 is within 95% confidence interval.

Mechanical Reliability and Modeling of Hydroxyapatite Scaffold

“…However, C9 exhibited the highest characteristic compressive strength, while C1 exhibited the lowest characteristic compressive strength. This ndings are supported by the ndings of Abifarin et al [12].…”

“…The HAp powders were obtained from the work of Abifarin et al [12] and characterized with SEM/EDS analysis. The mechanical properties (hardness value and compressive strength data) were obtained from the work of Abifarin et al [12] as well. The mechanical data were collected in ve (5) replications for the analysis according to the description in Table 1.…”

“…It is also important to note that the SEM images re ected irregular morphology. This is attributed to the synthesis conditions, as the HAp was synthesized from bovine bones, crushed and sieved, posited by Abifarin et al [12].…”

“…Abifarin et al [11] furthered worked upon 15 wt% kaolin reinforced HAp by employing multi-objectives optimization on fabrication parameters for better mechanical properties of the composite. Recently, in another study, Abifarin et al [12] employed numerical analysis to enhance the mechanical properties of HAp scoffold. It was discovered that compaction load employed in their study contributed immensely to the mechanical enhancement of the fabricated HAp scaffold.…”

“…Having discussed the state of the art of the subject matter, this study conducted a research on mechanical reliability and modeling of hydroxyapatite scaffold as a continuation of the study conducted by Abifarin et al [12], in which they identi ed the gap this study lled under their conclusion and future studies. Two-parameter Weibull analysis was employed to investigate the mechanical reliability, while modeling and interaction studies of the manufacturing parameters were done using Origin 2019 software.…”