Fabrication of magnetic nickel–tungsten–phosphorus particles by electroless deposition

Chang, Ming Kai; Chen, Chun Han; Chen, Bing‐Hung

doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2006.01.031

Cited by 10 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The Curie temperature and saturation magnetization of pure bulk nickel are 627 K and 54.5 emu/ g. , In contrast, tungsten and phosphorus are paramagnetic and diamagnetic, respectively. The existence of the phosphorus in the obtained nickel alloys could greatly change the magnetic properties of the alloys, for example, from ferromagnetics to weak paramagnetics . Consequently, it is pivotal to control the phosphorus content in the electroless nickel alloys, should the magnetic nickel alloys be desired.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, trace amounts of stabilizers, such as Pb 2+ , Sn 2+ , or tungstate anions, must be added in the ENP baths to prevent the baths from collapse. However, stabilizers in the plating baths are often reduced along with nickel ions and affect the phosphorous contents in the resulting electroless nickel alloys, which may alter the magnetic properties of these electroless nickel deposits …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The onset of the ENP process began right after the silica or gold templates were submerged into the plating baths at the desired temperatures (Table ). It is of note that the formula of the one noted with the lower-magnetism (LM) bath has been reported earlier . Consequently, the electroless NiWP nanoparticles or films were fabricated on these substrates, of which NiWP nanoparticles and film are denoted as NiWP/silica, NiWP/Au, and NiWP film, respectively, according to the substrates used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electroless Deposition of NiWP Particles and Film. Preparations of silica and gold templates as well as the deposition method of NiWP alloys onto these substrates were reported earlier . For the sake of keeping this report as concise as possible, the experimental methodology is briefly described as follows.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electroless nickel−phosphorus (NiP) deposits, especially in amorphous form, have been known for their excellent properties of anticorrosion, wear and thermal resistance, and hardness . Namely, magnetic particles made by such electroless nickel plating (ENP) processes may not require any protective coatings to prevent themselves from degradation and attacks by environmental factors during applications. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of Magnetic Mesoparticles Fabricated by Electroless Nickel Deposition

Chang

Chen

2008

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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A low-cost wet chemical process, viz., the electroless nickel deposition, was successfully developed to produce magnetic nickel−tungsten−phosphorus (NiWP) mesoparticles with diameters ranging from 100 to 500 nm on silica templates of ca. 102 nm and gold templates of ca. 3 nm. An X-ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID), and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were employed to characterize these particles. The averaged sizes of the NiWP particles could be conveniently regulated with the duration of the electroless plating process, in which exponential growth kinetics of the NiWP particles was observed. Both XRD and electrodiffraction (ED) patterns of these NiWP alloys indicate existence of diffraction peaks close to the (111), (200), (220), and (311) reflections of bulk face-centered cubic (fcc) Ni. The zero-field-cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled (FC) measurements also indicate the irreversibility temperatures of magnetization of these particles are in between 300 and 380 K. Dependent on the plating baths, the Curie temperatures of the resulting NiWP particles are around 330 K and higher than 380 K. Hence, weak ferromagnetic behaviors were evidently observed on all of these NiWP particles. Their saturation magnetization and coercivity were found in the range from 6 to 28 emu/g of sample and from 26 to 50 Oe, respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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