Fabrication of in Vitro Microvascular Blood Flow Systems by Photolithography

Cokelet, Giles R.; Soave, R.; Pugh, G.; Rathbun, L.

doi:10.1006/mvre.1993.1062

Cited by 48 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…Capillary models based on microchannel systems have been developed as alternatives to study RBC deformation and to measure blood rheology. Microvascular flow systems have been fabricated by etching glass plates with images of the vascular pattern, [174] by forming microchannels on a silicon substrate, [175][176][177][178] or by fabricating transparent microchannel capillaries. [159] In particular, transparent microchannel capillary models allowed the observation of the deformation of RBCs to a parachute shape, in a similar manner to in vivo observation using a high-speed video camera.…”

Section: Angewandte Chemiementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Soft Materials

2007

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With one or two exceptions, biological materials are "soft", meaning that they combine viscous and elastic elements. This mechanical behavior results from self-assembled supramolecular structures that are stabilized by noncovalent interactions. It is an ongoing and profound challenge to understand the self-organization of biological materials. In many cases, concepts can be imported from soft-matter physics and chemistry, which have traditionally focused on materials such as colloids, polymers, surfactants, and liquid crystals. Using these ideas, it is possible to gain a new perspective on phenomena as diverse as DNA condensation, protein and peptide fibrillization, lipid partitioning in rafts, vesicle fusion and budding, and others, as discussed in this selective review of recent highlights from the literature.

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Section: Angewandte Chemiementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Soft Materials

2007

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“…Microfluidic systems are easy to fabricate, owing to recent advancements in rapid prototyping, and provide an ideal environment for testing either bulk samples or single entities, such as individual cells. Recognizing the need for devices that mimic the capillary microenvironment, many researchers have designed capillarylike channel systems in silicon ¶ (19)(20)(21)(22) and glass (23) substrates. The ability to fabricate micrometer-sized features in glass and silicon makes these materials attractive options for making capillary-sized structures.…”

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confidence: 99%

A microfluidic model for single-cell capillary obstruction by Plasmodium falciparum -infected erythrocytes

Shelby

White

Ganesan

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

396

340

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Severe malaria by Plasmodium falciparum is a potentially fatal disease, frequently unresponsive to even the most aggressive treatments. Host organ failure is associated with acquired rigidity of infected red blood cells and capillary blockage. In vitro techniques have played an important role in modeling cell deformability. Although, historically they have either been applied to bulk cell populations or to measure single physical parameters of individual cells. In this article, we demonstrate the unique abilities and benefits of elastomeric microchannels to characterize complex behaviors of single cells, under flow, in multicellular capillary blockages. Channels of 8-, 6-, 4-, and 2-m widths were readily traversed by the 8 m-wide, highly elastic, uninfected red blood cells, as well as by infected cells in the early ring stages. Trophozoite stages failed to freely traverse 2-to 4-m channels; some that passed through the 4-m channels emerged from constricted space with deformations whose shape-recovery could be observed in real time. In 2-m channels, trophozoites mimicked ''pitting,'' a normal process in the body where spleen beds remove parasites without destroying the red cell. Schizont forms failed to traverse even 6-m channels and rapidly formed a capillary blockage. Interestingly, individual uninfected red blood cells readily squeezed through the blockages formed by immobile schizonts in a 6-m capillary. The last observation can explain the high parasitemia in a growing capillary blockage and the well known benefits of early blood transfusion in severe malaria.

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“…The possible shapes into which an erythrocyte can deform in various blood vessels were proposed in SchmidSchönbein and Grunau. 9 Several of the deformed RBC shapes were visualized by in vitro techniques such as rheoscopy, 20,23 capillary flow and fixation, 21 microchannel flow, [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and also through in vivo techniques. 9,22 Most of these studies reported either the axially deformed elliptical shapes 14,20,23 or the asymmetrically deformed parachute shape 19,22 using sophisticated methods.…”

Section: In Vitro Imaging Of Erythrocyte Shape Transformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Semiconductor microfabrication and other micromachining techniques have been adopted to fabricate microchannels. [11][12][13][14][15] However, these methods require expensive equipment. As an alternative, we have developed an inexpensive, disposable, microchannel that mimics certain geometrical aspects of the human circulatory system and helps characterize various blood flow properties.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%