Fabrication of hollow spheres of metal oxide using fructose-derived carbonaceous spheres as sacrificial templates

Synthesis of Single‐Component Metal Oxides with Controllable Multi‐Shelled Structure and their Morphology‐Related Applications

“…The carbonaceous microspheres originate from the polymerization and carbonization of glucose and become solid foundation for the preparation of multi‐shelled hollow spheres with diverse compositions and structures through sequential templating approach (Figure ). In addition to glucose, a variety of carbon sources including but not limited to sucrose, cyclodextrin, fructose and amino acid have been proved to be feasible raw materials for preparation of carbonaceous microspheres. Apart from the carbonaceous microspheres template, polymer particles and metal organic frameworks are also developed as rational designed templates.…”

Approachable Way to Synthesize 3D Silica Hollow Nanospheres with Mesoporous Shells via Simple Template‐Assisted Technique

“…Recently, Abdelaal et al . reported the use of fructose‐derived FCSs for the synthesis of various metal oxides hollow spheres . In previous work, we reported the use of glucose‐derived FCSs and sodium silicate powder for the production of hollow silica microspheres in one pot synthesis approach …”

“… The synthesis procedures are simple and can be manipulated easily in comparison with multi‐step approaches with various chemical additives. The template is widely available and inexpensive. Moreover, it contains surface functionalities (e. g. C=O, OH) that facilitate the coating process without surface modifications …”

One-pot hydrothermal synthesis of carbonaceous spheres with variable sizes from aqueous monosaccharides solutions

“…They are cheap and widely available precursors. Most important, the carbohydrate derived-CSs used in the sacrificial template approaches to fabricate hollow materials act as shape-and sizedirecting agents [10][11][12][13]. In this work, we have investigated the effects of various synthesis parameters such as temperature, reaction time, sugar concentration and addition of acetic acid on the formation of the CSs by the hydrothermal carbonization of glucose or fructose.…”

“…Among the reported studies, some authors have taken advantage of oxygen functionalities present on the outer surface of the carbonaceous materials and used them as sacrificial templates to fabricate hollow spheres of inorganic materials [7][8][9]. In previous work, we have taken advantage of oxygen functionalities present on the outer surface of the CSs to fabricate inorganic hollow nanospheres by an advantageous sacrificial templating approach [10][11][12][13]. Though, to our knowledge, the mechanism of the hydrothermal carbonization of sugar is not fully comprehended at this stage and remains a challenge to material scientists, in an overview of the recent publications, there are few reports on the chemical transformations that occur when carbohydrate is treated -in closed system -in water [4][5][14][15].…”