Fabrication of high-performance magnetic elastomers by using natural polymer as auxiliary dispersant of Fe3O4 nanoparticles

Xu, Chuanhui; Lin, Mengzhuan; Wang, Xinghuo; Shen, Qi; Zheng, Zhongjie; Lin, Baofeng; Fu, Lihua

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2020.106158

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Figure summarizes the particle type, size, and volume fraction utilized to fabricate MREs in the literature (refer to Table S1 in the Supporting Information for a summary of all literature studies referring to the individual data points in the plot). ,,− Most of the literature reports the fabrication of MREs utilizing relatively large particles with sizes on the micrometer scale. However, because of their large size, films on the order of nanometers in thickness would be impossible to fabricate, thereby inhibiting microparticle MREs from being utilized to recreate complex shapes that require sharp film curvatures at the microscopic scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MREs in the literature: ,,− particle type, particle size, and volume fraction. Nanoparticle-based MREs are still relatively unexplored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The few studies reporting the fabrication of MREs utilizing nanoparticles (with sizes ranging from 8.5 to 250 nm) mostly focus on the characterization of the structural, mechanical, magnetic and sometimes thermal properties of the developed materials. ,− ,, Only Mishra et al and Evans et al utilized their MREs as cantilever-shaped devices and optimized them for maximum bending. The latter, Evans et al, characterized the behavior of isotropic MREs with superparamagnetic nanoparticles, which behave very differently from ferromagnetic nanoparticles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanoparticle-Based Magnetorheological Elastomers with Enhanced Mechanical Deflection for Haptic Displays

Cestarollo

Smolenski

El‐Ghazaly

2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Haptics allows tactile interactions between humans and digital interfaces. Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) constitute a promising candidate material for creating the tactile interface of the futureone able to recreate 3D shapes that can be sensed with touch. Furthermore, an MRE formed by using nanoparticles, as opposed to previously used microparticles, is necessary to generate a variety of shapes involving sharp curvatures over small, micrometer-scale horizontal distances to pave the way for haptic displays with microtexture resolution. Here we fabricated both isotropic and anisotropic MREs with different concentrations (2–8 vol % nanoparticles) of soft, low-remanence ferromagnetic nanoparticles. When placed in a magnetic field gradient, isotropic MREs, nonintuitively, show higher deflection than anisotropic MREs, with the former achieving displacement on the order of a millimeter at just 100 mT. This enhanced performance in the isotropic case is explained based on the soft magnetic nature of the nanoparticles. We show that performance improves with magnetic content up to a composition of 6 vol %, where it plateaus. This behavior is attributed to the stiffness of the composite material increasing at a faster rate than the magnetization as the rigid magnetic nanoparticles are added to the elastomeric matrix. Moreover, 6 vol % microparticle-based isotropic and anisotropic MREs were fabricated and compared with the nanoparticle-based MREs. Anisotropic nanoparticle-based films show higher deflection when compared with their microparticle-based counterparts. The latter is only able to match the nanoparticle film deflection at higher applied fields of almost 300 mT. This performance difference between nanoparticle and microparticle-based films is attributed to the increased anisotropic film stiffness resulting from the larger micrometer-size particles. Finally, the optimally designed nanoparticle-based isotropic film was utilized to create a programmable and real-time reconfigurable braille-inspired interface.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MREs in the literature: ,,− particle type, particle size, and volume fraction. Nanoparticle-based MREs are still relatively unexplored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanoparticle-Based Magnetorheological Elastomers with Enhanced Mechanical Deflection for Haptic Displays

Cestarollo

Smolenski

El‐Ghazaly

2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Among the various magnetic particles, magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles are considered favorable magnetic fillers for rubbers owing to their high initial permeability, high saturation magnetization, and low coercivity. − However, unmodified Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles always show poor dispersion stability in rubbers, resulting in deterioration of the chemical properties and mechanical properties. , To improve the agglomeration and dispersion stability of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles, one of the most effective ways is to utilize polymers to modify the surface of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). − One available polymer is polystyrene (PS), which can improve the dispersion stability and functionality of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles . In addition, PS chains also have good compatibility with rubber matrices, such as styrene–butadiene rubber and nitrile-butadiene rubber, leading to a remarkable improvement in the mechanical properties of MRE composites. , Surface modification of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles with PS chains also helps avoid the introduction of compatibilizers such as zinc dimethacrylate (ZDMA), which reduces the chemical stability to acids and bases . Hence, incorporating PS-modified Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles into rubbers such as polybutadiene to obtain stimuli-responsive functional rubbers with toughness is of interest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetorheological Elastomer Films with Controlled Anisotropic Alignment of Polystyrene-Modified Fe₃O₄ Nanoplates

Shen

Matsubara

Masui

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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To develop high-performance magnetorheological (MR) elastomer (MRE) films, we design a facile method to prepare MRE composites under an external magnetic field, which enables magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoplates to align in synthetic rubbers at room temperature. The introduction of polystyrene (PS) chains onto the surface of Fe 3 O 4 nanoplates ensures the dispersion stability and interfacial compatibility of Fe 3 O 4 nanoplates with synthetic rubbers. We find that several Fe 3 O 4 nanoplates can be surrounded by PS chains to form special spiral structures. The fluidity and chain-like structures of magnetic rubbers are confirmed upon application of an external magnetic field under high temperatures. In addition, special anisotropic alignment can be formed in synthetic rubbers, and the structures can still be maintained even after vulcanization treatment. Rheological measurements indicate that the anisotropic alignment reinforces the rheological properties based on a comparison of the MRE films with anisotropic alignment and isotropic alignment. Fe 3 O 4 nanospheres with isotropic shapes are introduced into the MRE films for a comparative experiment. The results reveal that PSmodified Fe 3 O 4 nanoplates with spiral structures exhibit a magnetic field-responsive behavior that leads not only to the formation of a uniaxial alignment nematic structure but also to enhancement of the rheological performance of MRE films.

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“…The construction of reconfigurable cross‐linked structure usually consists of one or more kinds of reversible reactions, such as regeneration of intermolecular interactions (hydrogen bonds, 15‐17 dipole–dipole interaction, and π‐π stacking, 18 etc. ), recombination of disulfide bonding, 15,19‐23 transesterification of hydroxy‐easter groups, 24 proton transfer reaction between carboxylic acid and amine groups, 25 Diels‐Alder reactions, 26,27 and coordination reaction of ionic, 28‐33 etc. Although it is possible to prepare a self‐healing material by chemical synthesis method, the synthesis preparation or the synthesis cycle is often time‐consuming and the yield is difficult to be guaranteed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple cross‐linked networks enhanced ENR‐based composite with excellent self‐healing properties

Peng

Huang

Gong

et al. 2021

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Self‐healing property is an excellent feature that can improve the reliability and durability of the materials. In this study, carboxylic multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (S‐CNTs) and 2,2′‐dithiodibenzoic acid (DTSA) were introduced into epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) to prepare a self‐healing rubber. S‐CNTs and DTSA could react with epoxy groups of ENR to effectively cross‐link ENR, in which the cross‐linked network consisted of reversible disulfide bonds, β‐hydroxyl ester bonds, and hydrogen bonds. The reconfigurable cross‐linked network endowed the ENR/S‐CNTs/DTSA composites with great self‐healing behavior with efficiency up to 99.7%. The multiple cross‐linked networks also enhanced the mechanical properties of the composite, whose tensile strength reached more than 400% of the neat ENR. Additionally, optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy disclosed the evolution of the damaged area during the self‐healing process, and the crack could be completely repaired after the healing process. This work provides an effective and concise method to prepare self‐healing ENR‐based elastomer, and it may expand the research scope of self‐healing materials.

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Fabrication of high-performance magnetic elastomers by using natural polymer as auxiliary dispersant of Fe3O4 nanoparticles

Cited by 25 publications

References 50 publications

Nanoparticle-Based Magnetorheological Elastomers with Enhanced Mechanical Deflection for Haptic Displays

Nanoparticle-Based Magnetorheological Elastomers with Enhanced Mechanical Deflection for Haptic Displays

Magnetorheological Elastomer Films with Controlled Anisotropic Alignment of Polystyrene-Modified Fe₃O₄ Nanoplates

Multiple cross‐linked networks enhanced ENR‐based composite with excellent self‐healing properties

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Fabrication of high-performance magnetic elastomers by using natural polymer as auxiliary dispersant of Fe3O4 nanoparticles

Cited by 25 publications

References 50 publications

Nanoparticle-Based Magnetorheological Elastomers with Enhanced Mechanical Deflection for Haptic Displays

Nanoparticle-Based Magnetorheological Elastomers with Enhanced Mechanical Deflection for Haptic Displays

Magnetorheological Elastomer Films with Controlled Anisotropic Alignment of Polystyrene-Modified Fe3O4 Nanoplates

Multiple cross‐linked networks enhanced ENR‐based composite with excellent self‐healing properties

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Magnetorheological Elastomer Films with Controlled Anisotropic Alignment of Polystyrene-Modified Fe₃O₄ Nanoplates