Fabrication of high aspect ratio nanogrid transparent electrodes via capillary assembly of Ag nanoparticles

Kang, Juhoon; Park, Chang-Goo; Lee, Su-Han; Cho, Changsoon; Choi, Dae‐Geun; Lee, Jung‐Yong

doi:10.1039/c6nr01896c

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Sciacca et al [87] fabricated patterned Ag electrodes, which showed a higher conductivity than thermally evaporated networks. Another approach to fabricate Ag nanogrids from solution was presented by Kang et al [89] , who deposited Ag nanoparticles into nanogrid templates via capillary assembly. The obtained electrodes displayed a sheet resistance of 15 Ohm sq -1 and an optical transmittance of 85 % (FoM=148).…”

Section: Metal Gridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials for Transparent Electrodes: From Metal Oxides to Organic Alternatives

Hofmann

Cloutet

Hadziioannou

2018

Adv Elect Materials

126

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Nowadays, opto-electronic devices, such as displays, are omnipresent in our daily life. A crucial component of these devices is a transparent electrode, which allows the in-and out-coupling of light. With the goal of optimizing the electrode characteristics and improving device efficiencies, many approaches for the fabrication of thin, transparent conducting films have been studied. This review gives an overview of the different material classes which have been 2 used as transparent electrodes, ranging from metal oxides, such as Indium Tin Oxide, metal and carbonaceous nanostructures, to conducting polymers and composites. For every material class a brief description of the fundamental principles, processing routes and the latest achievements is given. Furthermore, the different electrodes are compared regarding their opto-electronic performance, flexibility and surface roughness. Ultimately, advantages and drawbacks of the respective electrodes are discussed. This critical comparison of fundamentally different transparent conducting materials allows, on one hand, to make a sensible choice of electrode for specific applications, and, on the other hand, to point out scientific challenges that must still be addressed.

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Section: Metal Gridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials for Transparent Electrodes: From Metal Oxides to Organic Alternatives

Hofmann

Cloutet

Hadziioannou

2018

Adv Elect Materials

126

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“…[40][41][42] However, due to the poor conductivity between individual particles, they are usually required to deposit on the substrates with transparent grids/ meshes via solution-based printing techniques for TEs applications. [43,44] Recent report on one-step sintered AgNPs thin film by chemical treatment indicate its potential as TEs. [45] However, the sheet resistance of ultrathin connected Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) film is large (150 Ω sq −1 ) when AVT over 60% in visible region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Semi‐Transparent Organic Solar Cells with High Color Rendering Index Enabled by Self‐Assembled and Knitted AgNPs/MWCNTs Transparent Top Electrode via Solution Process

Zhang

Babu

et al. 2021

Advanced Optical Materials

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conversion efficiency (PCE) has already exceeded 16% enabled by advanced photovoltaic materials. [3][4][5][6] Although opaque OSCs exhibit high efficiency, their usage is limited because they demand dedicated space and additional installation work on the roof, like traditional silicon solar cells. Therefore, the transparent property of OSCs was exploited for semi-transparent photovoltaic modules to extend their application in power-generating windows for buildings and automobiles. To fabricate efficient semi-transparent OSCs (STOSCs) with high average visible transmittance (AVT), [7] several approaches have been attempted for improving the visible light transparency of active layer, including molecular energy level modulating in non-fullerene acceptors, [8][9][10][11][12] usage of low-band gap organic semiconductors to shift absorption to near-infrared region, [13] fabrication of active layer with fiber network structure [14] and so on.On the other hand, developing transparent electrodes (TEs) with high conductivity to reduce the absorption/reflection in visible light without degrading interfacial contact is also equally important to achieve high-performance STOSCs. [2] Evaporated thin metal-based top electrodes were most reported to date due to their high conductivity and transparency. [15][16][17] However, the high cost and strict conditions of vacuum-deposited TEs are not suitable for large-area device fabrication and contradict the aim of renewable energy. [18] Furthermore, the transmittance of evaporated thin metal is not uniform throughout the visible region, resulting in low color-fidelity in STOSCs. [19] Therefore, in the past decade, scientists have advocated to develop solution-processed TEs, such as conducting polymers, [20][21][22] Ag nanowires (AgNWs), [23][24][25][26] graphene, [27][28][29][30] and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). [31][32][33][34] Nonetheless, the sheet resistance of polymers-based and carbon-based TEs is relatively high and even the lowest reported values to date is larger than 50 Ω sq −1 . Moreover, the acid treatment at high temperature for the conductivity enhancement of polymers adversely damages the underlying layers of OSC, [35][36][37] and hence complicated transfer process is required to be used as top TEs. [38,39] In addition, the unsatisfactory vertical conductivity of carbon materials and the stability issue of AgNWs and conducting polymers make them unappealing to be used in STOSCs. Semi-transparent organic solar cells (STOSCs) have attracted tremendous attention in power-generating windows for buildings and automobiles.Although STOSCs based on vacuum-deposited thin metal films exhibited power conversion efficiency exceeding 10%, solution-processed top transparent electrode (TE) is desirable for large-area and low-cost fabrication of STOSCs. Here, we present a self-assembled and knitted Ag nanoparticles/multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite thin film by solution process as transparent top electrode for STOSC. The composite film exhibits an extremely low sheet resistance of 14...

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“…Metal NPs or NWs can be used as the building block to fill in the valley of the polymer template. After proper welding process to reduce the contact resistance between each building block, the metal NPs or NWs will be integrated for the formation of metal mesh . The patterned polymer template can also be fabricated on a conductive substrate, which allows the electrodeposition of metal mesh in the valley with the conductive layer directly exposed to the electrolyte .…”

Section: The Front Metal Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Novel Metal Electrodes for Photovoltaic Applications

Ren

Ouyang

et al. 2018

Small

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Emerging novel metal electrodes not only serve as the collector of free charge carriers, but also function as light trapping designs in photovoltaics. As a potential alternative to commercial indium tin oxide, transparent electrodes composed of metal nanowire, metal mesh, and ultrathin metal film are intensively investigated and developed for achieving high optical transmittance and electrical conductivity. Moreover, light trapping designs via patterning of the back thick metal electrode into different nanostructures, which can deliver a considerable efficiency improvement of photovoltaic devices, contribute by the plasmon-enhanced light-mattering interactions. Therefore, here the recent works of metal-based transparent electrodes and patterned back electrodes in photovoltaics are reviewed, which may push the future development of this exciting field.

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Fabrication of high aspect ratio nanogrid transparent electrodes via capillary assembly of Ag nanoparticles

Cited by 29 publications

References 40 publications

Materials for Transparent Electrodes: From Metal Oxides to Organic Alternatives

Materials for Transparent Electrodes: From Metal Oxides to Organic Alternatives

Efficient Semi‐Transparent Organic Solar Cells with High Color Rendering Index Enabled by Self‐Assembled and Knitted AgNPs/MWCNTs Transparent Top Electrode via Solution Process

Emerging Novel Metal Electrodes for Photovoltaic Applications

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