Fabrication of green dye-sensitized solar cell based on ZnO nanoparticles as a photoanode and graphene quantum dots as a photo-sensitizer

Zamiri, Golnoush; Bagheri, Samira

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2017.10.026

Cited by 46 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…[ 22,24 ] The combination of these properties gives rise to the fabrication of devices used in important technological applications such as in optoelectronics, [ 25 ] sensors, [ 26 ] lithium‐ion batteries, [ 27 ] and solar cells. [ 28 ] Although some attempts of ZnO growth on graphene have been done, [ 22,29 ] there is a lack in the understanding of all the possible interactions under realistic conditions that we hope this work will help to clarify.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic Decoupling of Graphene from Copper Induced by Deposition of ZnO: A Complex Substrate/Graphene/Deposit/Environment Interaction

Morales

Urbanos

Campo

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Inter

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has been a turning point in the study and application of 2D materials. In this sense, the very high ballistic transport distances of the order of the micron and very large carrier mobility [2][3][4] combined with the absorption of 2.3% of visible light, [5] places graphene as an extraordinary candidate for new optoelectronic devices. On the other hand, graphene's impermeability to most gases [6] makes it also a promising candidate for ultrathin passivation coating. [7] However, this idealistic view contrasts with the reduced number of real applications to industry and/or produced mass electronic devices. Without doubt, this frustrating fact is related to the difficulty to grow large areas of non-defective graphene, but also with the complexity of the interaction of graphene with other materials (substrates, multilayer systems) and/or media (gas, liquids) in contact with it, which leads to changes of the graphene properties.Focusing on this last point, the substrate plays a very important role in the electronic properties of graphene due to the strength of the bonding between both. As Weatherup et al. summarized, [7] depending on the position of the d valence band states with respect to the Fermi level, [8] two different interactions are reported for metallic substrates. In the case of Ni, Co, Fe, or Pd, the strong hybridization between π graphene states and metal d states leads to the destruction of the linear dispersion of graphene at the K point. For weak interactions, such as Cu, Au, Ag, and Pt, this linear dispersion is preserved but charge transfer between metal and graphene normally shifts the Fermi level position, leading to doping of graphene. Moreover, for SiC (0001) a covalent bonding between the substrate and the first carbon layer also prevents good electrical properties of graphene. [9,10] In all these cases, this interaction can be modulated or suppressed by controlled intercalation of metallic atoms at high temperatures, [11,12] or even at room temperature for alkaline elements. [13,14] The formation of an oxidized layer between substrate and graphene [15,16] can also decouple graphene from substrates.Nevertheless, the last description offers again a simplified view of the problem. The majority of the experimental and This study presents experimental data of the interactions and reactions that occur during the early stages of the growth of ZnO on graphene supported on polycrystalline copper and the subsequent changes on the electronic properties of the graphene. The combination of substrate, graphene, and intercalated species (such as oxygen and water molecules) between graphene and copper due to air exposure, together to the evaporation of metallic zinc under oxygen atmosphere, induces the electronic decoupling of the graphene from copper by the formation of a nanometric layer of copper oxide. In particular, the final stage consists in the formation of a complex interface formed by ZnO/ZnO 1−x /Zn/G/Cu 2 O/Cu. The role of each actor is discussed in terms of a galvanic corrosion reaction of the met...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic Decoupling of Graphene from Copper Induced by Deposition of ZnO: A Complex Substrate/Graphene/Deposit/Environment Interaction

Morales

Urbanos

Campo

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Inter

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“…This converts ZnO in a very interesting transparent conducting oxide . The combination of the properties of graphene and ZnO gives rise to the fabrication of devices used in many important technological applications such as in optoelectronics, sensors, lithium‐ion batteries, and solar cells . In general, the growth methods used in these technologies are performed at high temperatures (>400 °C).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Interface of the Early Stages of Growth under Quasi‐Equilibrium Conditions of ZnO on Graphene/Cu and Graphite

Morales

Black

Urbanos

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Inter

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The study of the early stages of growth of ZnO on graphene supported on Cu and on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite by means of reactive thermal evaporation of metallic Zn at room temperature is presented. This growth method allows to go in depth in the study of the fundamental interaction between ZnO and graphene at the interface in quasi‐equilibrium conditions. Quantitative, chemical, and morphological analysis is performed using photoemission spectroscopy, atomic force, and scanning microscopies as experimental characterization techniques and factor analysis and inelastic peak shape analysis as modeling techniques. The growth of ZnO on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite substrate is also studied using the same growth method for comparison. The results show that, in spite that the first atomic layer of both substrates is identical, the growth kinetics and morphology of the deposits are completely different. A model for the kinetics of the growth of ZnO on both substrates is proposed.

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“…32 Therefore, graphene QDs (GQDs) have been investigated as potential sensitizer alternatives due to their non-toxicity, tunable optical band gap, and wide absorption spectral range. 126 In this regard, Zamiri and Bagheri, 127 replaced the N719 dye with GQDs, and observed an increase in PCE from 1.13 to 1.26%, which was attributed to the closeness of the conduction band of the GQDs to that of the ZnO semiconducting layer, in comparison with the conduction band of N719. Majumder and Mondal, 32 also fabricated DSSCs with PCEs of 0.13, 0.25 and 0.29% for the GQD, N-GQD, and sulfur-nitrogen co-doped GQD (SN-GQD) photosensitizers, respectively.…”

Section: Photosensitizermentioning

confidence: 98%

Recent advances in graphene-based materials for dye-sensitized solar cell fabrication

2020

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Fabrication of green dye-sensitized solar cell based on ZnO nanoparticles as a photoanode and graphene quantum dots as a photo-sensitizer

Cited by 46 publications

References 25 publications

Electronic Decoupling of Graphene from Copper Induced by Deposition of ZnO: A Complex Substrate/Graphene/Deposit/Environment Interaction

Electronic Decoupling of Graphene from Copper Induced by Deposition of ZnO: A Complex Substrate/Graphene/Deposit/Environment Interaction

Study of the Interface of the Early Stages of Growth under Quasi‐Equilibrium Conditions of ZnO on Graphene/Cu and Graphite

Recent advances in graphene-based materials for dye-sensitized solar cell fabrication

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