Fabrication of Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) Circulating Tumor Cell (CTC) Block Using a Hydrogel Core-Mediated Method

Abstract

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are extremely low-frequency cells in the bloodstream. As those cells have detached from the primary tumor tissues and it circulates throughout the whole body, they are considered as promising diagnostic biomarkers for clinical application. However, the analysis of CTC is often restricted due to their rarity and heterogeneity, as well as their short-term presence. Here we proposed formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) CTC block method, in combination manner with the hydrogel core-mediated CTC accumulation and conventional paraffin tissue block preparation. The hydrogel core specifically captures and releases cancer cells with high efficiency with an immunoaffinity manner. An additional shell structure protects the isolated cancer cells during the FFPE CTC block preparation process. The fabricated FFPE CTC block was sectioned and cytopathologically investigated just the same way as the conventional tissue block. Our results demonstrate that rare cells such as CTCs can also be prepared for FFPE cell blocks and shows great promise for cytopathological CTC studies.

Transcriptome Analysis to Explore the Cause of the Formation of Different Inflorescences in Tomato

“…To observe the development of the tomato inflorescence meristem, we examined paraffin sections of tomato inflorescence tissue in early and middle stages [ 50 ]. The definition of three stages of tomato inflorescence: the early inflorescence of tomato was defined as about 3 days after germination; the middle inflorescence of tomato was defined as about 10 days after inflorescence growth; the late inflorescence of tomato was defined as about 15 days.…”