Fabrication of folate‐phytosterol‐carboxymethyl cellulose nanoparticles derived from plant material as carrier of anticancer drug

Abstract

In this work, folate-phytosterol-carboxymethyl cellulose nanoparticles (FPCMC NPs) derived from plant material were fabricated and investigated as carrier of hydrophobic anticancer drugs. Firstly, hydrophobic phytosterol was grafted onto the framework of water-soluble carboxymethyl cellulose. Then folate, as tumor-targeting ligand, was coupled to the phytosterol-carboxymethyl cellulose to become selfassembled FPCMC NPs. The physicochemical properties of the fabricated FPCMC NPs were characterized. Doxorubicin (DOX) was selected as model anticancer drug that was entrapped in prepared FPCMC NPs with satisfactory loading content (7%) and loading efficiency (71.2%). The in vitro drug release test showed that the release amount of DOX from drug-loaded FPCMC NPs at pH 5.3 was much higher than that at pH 6.5 or pH 7.4. The research results indicated that the fabricated FPCMC NPs had the potential as nanocarrier of hydrophobic anticancer drugs for further experimental study.

Production, Characterization, Delivery, and Cholesterol-Lowering Mechanism of Phytosterols: A Review

“…This approach led to the formation of relatively small uniform particles with a high encapsulation efficiency (97%) and loading capacity (19%). Phytosterols have also been shown to improve the ability of folate-carboxymethyl cellulose nanoparticles to deliver hydrophobic anticancer drugs (doxorubicin) . These edible phytosterols-loaded nanoparticles have great potential for applications in functional foods and pharmaceutical products …”

“…Phytosterols have also been shown to improve the ability of folatecarboxymethyl cellulose nanoparticles to deliver hydrophobic anticancer drugs (doxorubicin). 90 These edible phytosterolsloaded nanoparticles have great potential for applications in functional foods and pharmaceutical products. 91 Before these phytosterols delivery systems can find widespread commercial utilization, there are several issues that need to be addressed.…”

Hydroxychloroquine enhances anticancer effect of DOX/folate-phytosterol-carboxymethyl cellulose nanoparticles in A549 lung cancer cells

“…The cytotoxicities of blank FPCMC NPs, free DOX and DOX/FPCMC NPs against A549 cells were determined using MTT assay. The procedures used in preparation of the blank and drug-loaded FPCMC NPs in different formulations and drug concentrations were as indicated in a previous study [8]. The A549 cells in logarithmic growth phase were seeded in 96well culture plates at a density of 5×10 3 cells/well, and cultured at 37 °C for 12h in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO 2 .…”

“…Therefore, the incorporation of CQ (or HCQ) and various DOX formulations may improve the reversal of MDR and enhance tumor treatment efficacy. In a previous work [8], self-assembled folate-phytosterol-carboxymethyl cellulose nanoparticles (FPCMC NPs) derived from plant materials were fabricated and used as carriers of anticancer drugs. In this study, the combined inhibitory effects of DOX/FPCMC NPs and HCQ on human lung cancer cell lines (A549 cells) were investigated with respect to cytotoxicity, targeted ligand competition, cell proliferation inhibition and cellular drug uptake.…”

Dual Drug Loaded, pH-Sensitive Metal-Organic Particles for Synergistic Cancer Therapy

“…In these NDDSs, various functional molecules were integrated to guide the particles to accumulate at the tumor site ( Wang et al, 2017 ). Various targeting molecules, such as folate ( Wu et al, 2017b ; Hamdy Elshazly et al, 2019 ), methotrexate ( Li et al, 2015 ), and hyaluronic acid ( Misra, 2010 ; Choi et al, 2019 ), were selected to modify the NDDSs. They could bind with the specific receptors on the tumor cells to achieve targeted delivery.…”