Fabrication of extra–framework Al in ZSM–5 to enhance light olefins production in catalytic cracking of n–pentane

Precise activation of C–C bonds for recycling and upcycling of plastics

“…Currently reported BAS catalytic systems include ZSM-5, ZSM-12, SBA-15, SBA-16, b-zeolites, etc. 48,[54][55][56][57] The LAS catalytic systems mainly comprise Al-SBA-15, Al-SBA-16, Zr-SBA-15, Zr-SBA-16, etc. 16,58 Both the BAS and LAS have a signicant impact on the activation-cleavage of C aliph -C aliph bonds, primarily determined by their density and acidity strength (Fig.…”

“…[65][66][67] Liu et al further conrmed that the synergistic interaction between BAS and LAS can effectively enhance the acidity of BAS in the catalytic system, increasing the efficiency of C aliph -C aliph bond activation. 55 Another explanation is that LAS can enhance paraffin dehydrogenation and the formation of olenic intermediates, thereby promoting the formation of carbenium and the subsequent uidized catalytic cracking. 53 Briey, both BAS and LAS play a signicant role in the activation of C aliph -C aliph bonds.…”

Understanding the Structure–Activity Relationships in Catalytic Conversion of Polyolefin Plastics by Zeolite-Based Catalysts: A Critical Review

“…This enhancement of catalytic activity caused by LAS was possibly a cooperative interaction between BAS and the adjacent EFAL (a type of Lewis acid site). − For example, Lago et al found that the cracking conversion of n -hexane was improved over a modified ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst with more EFAL species . Liu et al revealed that the strength of BAS in ZSM-5 zeolite could be enhanced by the synergistic interaction of BAS and LAS, resulting in high activity in n -pentane cracking . Another explanation is that the Lewis acid can enhance the dehydrogenation of paraffin and form olefin intermediates, promoting the formation of carbenium and a subsequent catalytic cracking reaction, as mentioned in section 2 …”

“…113 Liu et al revealed that the strength of BAS in ZSM-5 zeolite could be enhanced by the synergistic interaction of BAS and LAS, resulting in high activity in n-pentane cracking. 114 Another explanation is that the Lewis acid can enhance the dehydrogenation of paraffin and form olefin intermediates, promoting the formation of carbenium and a subsequent catalytic cracking reaction, as mentioned in section 2. 115 3.1.2.…”