Fabrication of Diffractive Optical Elements for an Opto-electronic Hybrid Information System

Yamada, Kenji; Hamamoto, Tetsuya; Toyota, Hiroshi; Tanida, Jun; Kumagai, Tomoya; Ichioka, Yoshiki; Miyatake, Shigehiro; Ishida, Kouichi; Morimoto, Takashi; Kondo, Noriyuki; Miyazaki, Daisuke

doi:10.1364/domo.2000.dtub3

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In the "TOMBO" system [90][91][92], only a small number of channels is used, but each cell of the system has a matrix of associated photo receptors which pick up all the information of the micro-images. The microlenses (different types were tested: graded index, refractive, binary) are centered with the matrix of photo detectors capturing the micro-images.…”

Section: State Of the Art Of Man-made Vision Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-optical artificial compound eyes

Duparré¹,

Wippermann²

2006

Bioinspir. Biomim.

152

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Natural compound eyes combine small eye volumes with a large field of view at the cost of comparatively low spatial resolution. For small invertebrates such as flies or moths, compound eyes are the perfectly adapted solution to obtaining sufficient visual information about their environment without overloading their brains with the necessary image processing. However, to date little effort has been made to adopt this principle in optics. Classical imaging always had its archetype in natural single aperture eyes which, for example, human vision is based on. But a high-resolution image is not always required. Often the focus is on very compact, robust and cheap vision systems. The main question is consequently: what is the better approach for extremely miniaturized imaging systems—just scaling of classical lens designs or being inspired by alternative imaging principles evolved by nature in the case of small insects? In this paper, it is shown that such optical systems can be achieved using state-of-the-art micro-optics technology. This enables the generation of highly precise and uniform microlens arrays and their accurate alignment to the subsequent optics-, spacing- and optoelectronics structures. The results are thin, simple and monolithic imaging devices with a high accuracy of photolithography. Two different artificial compound eye concepts for compact vision systems have been investigated in detail: the artificial apposition compound eye and the cluster eye. Novel optical design methods and characterization tools were developed to allow the layout and experimental testing of the planar micro-optical imaging systems, which were fabricated for the first time by micro-optics technology. The artificial apposition compound eye can be considered as a simple imaging optical sensor while the cluster eye is capable of becoming a valid alternative to classical bulk objectives but is much more complex than the first system.

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Section: State Of the Art Of Man-made Vision Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-optical artificial compound eyes

Duparré¹,

Wippermann²

2006

Bioinspir. Biomim.

152

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“…A compound-eye camera TOMBO (Thin Observation Module by Bound Optics) [5,6] inspired by the insect eye structure was proposed as an endoscope capable of acquiring depth information [7][8][9]. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This makes possible various kinds of computerized postprocessing, such as refocusing and viewpoint shift. TOMBO is a kind of light-field camera proposed in 1999 for optical information processing [5]; it is a compact light-field camera consisting of a lens array, partitions, and a single imager [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A three‐dimensional multifunctional compound‐eye endoscopic system with extended depth of field

Kagawa

Yamada

Tanaka

et al. 2012

Elect Comm in Japan

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“…Advanced Digital signal processing can then be used to reconstruct a high resolution image from the available set of low resolution images [3, 10]. Tanida et al have demonstrated that the restoration of a high resolution image is possible since each imaging unit provides a different view of the scene [7]-[12]. In [3], Tanida et al proposed an image restoration algorithm which uses the back-projection (BP) method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mathematical analysis for the algorithm is conducted in the frequency domain. Unlike conventional TOMBO image restoration methods [3] and [7]-[12], our method: does not require prior information about the imaging system (e.g. intrinsic PSF and internal noise)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral-Based Blind Image Restoration Method for Thin TOMBO Imagers

El-Sallam

Boussaid

2008

Sensors

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With the recent advances in microelectronic fabrication technology, it has now become now possible to fabricate thin imagers, less than half a millimeter thick. Dubbed TOMBO (an acronym for Thin Observation Module by Bound Optics), a thin camera-on-a-chip integrates micro-optics and photo-sensing elements, together with advanced processing circuitry, all on a single silicon chip. Modeled after the compound-eye found in insects and many other arthropods, the TOMBO imager simultaneously captures a mosaic of low resolution images. In this paper, we describe and analyze a novel spectral-based blind algorithm that enables the restoration of a high resolution image from the captured low resolution images. The proposed blind restoration method does not require prior information about the imaging system nor the original scene. Furthermore, it alleviates the need for conventional de-shading and rearrangement processing techniques. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can restore images for Signal-to-Noise Energy Ratio (SNER) lower than 3 dB.

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Fabrication of Diffractive Optical Elements for an Opto-electronic Hybrid Information System

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

Micro-optical artificial compound eyes

Micro-optical artificial compound eyes

A three‐dimensional multifunctional compound‐eye endoscopic system with extended depth of field

Spectral-Based Blind Image Restoration Method for Thin TOMBO Imagers

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