Fabrication of Ceftriaxone-Loaded Cellulose Acetate and Polyvinyl Alcohol Nanofibers and Their Antibacterial Evaluation

Abstract

Nanotechnology provides solutions by combining the fields of textiles and medicine to prevent infectious microbial spread. Our study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of nanofiber sheets incorporated with a well-known antibiotic, ceftriaxone. It is a third-generation antibiotic that belongs to the cephalosporin group. Different percentages (0, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%; based on polymer wt%) of ceftriaxone were incorporated with a polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) via electrospinning to fabricate nanofiber sheets. The Kirby-Bauer method was used to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of the nanofiber sheets using Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). For the characterization of the nanofiber sheets incorporated with the drug, several techniques were used, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Our results showed that the nanofiber sheets containing ceftriaxone had potential inhibitory activity against E. coli and S. aureus as they had inhibition zones of approximately 20–25 mm on Mueller-Hinton-agar-containing plates. In conclusion, our nanofiber sheets fabricated with ceftriaxone have potential inhibitory effects against bacteria and can be used as a dressing to treat wounds in hospitals and for other biomedical applications.

Synthesis and In Vitro/Ex Vivo Characterizations of Ceftriaxone-Loaded Sodium Alginate/poly(vinyl alcohol) Clay Reinforced Nanocomposites: Possible Applications in Wound Healing

“…Thereby, an increase in the swelling ratio with an increase in the pH of the buffer, due to de-protonation of the carboxylic group on SA, produced a strong swelling action by electrostatic forces of repulsion on the negatively charged group of SA and PVA. Our findings agree with those in the literature [ 41 , 42 , 43 ]. Additionally, the decrease in swelling ratio is due to the formation of the hydrogen bonding network of MMT with the polymers, which enhances the surface coarseness of films and closed the water penetration corridor resulting in a decrease in water compassion of the polymer films [ 42 ].…”

“…Figure 3 C,D showed large blocks; nanoclay has made small dot-like structures which are consistently dispersed in the formulation proving its high compatibility with the matrix. The presence of drug in the form of large-sized blocks or long rod-shaped crystals confirmed its crystalline structure, which was also revealed by previous studies [ 41 ].…”

“…In all samples, an intense broad peak around 2θ = 20° was seen which confirmed the presence of these components in the semi-crystalline form in nanocomposites. CTX is known to elicit a crystalline structure [ 41 ]; many sharp peaks are displayed by its pure form at 2θ = 11–13°, at 2θ = 18–25°, and at 2θ = 28°. The drug-loaded samples S100D15(3), P100D15(3), and S50P50D15(3) showed a peak between at 2θ = 11–13° and at 2θ = 22–25°, which confirmed that adding the drug has increased the crystallinity of nanocomposites.…”

“…The drug-loaded samples S100D15(3), P100D15(3), and S50P50D15(3) showed a peak between at 2θ = 11–13° and at 2θ = 22–25°, which confirmed that adding the drug has increased the crystallinity of nanocomposites. In these samples, the drug peaks were decreased in intensity as compared to pure sample, which revealed the drug interaction with the polymers, resulting in changes in atomic densities in a specific plane of the crystal lattice [ 41 , 42 ].…”

Design of Cinnamaldehyde- and Gentamicin-Loaded Double-Layer Corneal Nanofiber Patches with Antibiofilm and Antimicrobial Effects

“…It was observed that the diameter of the nanofiber patches increased with the loading of the drug. Other studies also support that the average diameter increases when the drug is loaded into the pure PVA nanofiber patches . Especially, a sharp increase was seen in the diameter of the PVA/GEL/CA/GEN nanofiber patches loaded with both types of drugs.…”