Fabrication of Carbon Nanotubes and Charge Transfer Complex-Based Electrodes for a Glucose/Oxygen Biofuel Cell

Abstract

Enzymatic electrodes for glucose biosensors and glucose/oxygen biofuel cells were prepared by the sequential coating of carbon nanotube (CNT), ZnO nano rods, charge transfer complex based on tetracyanoquinodimethane and tetrathiafulvalene (TCNQ-TTF), and glucose oxidase. Among the prepared electrodes (TCNQ-TTF/GOx/Nafion, ZnO/GOx/Nafion, CNT/GOx/Nafion, ZnO/TCNQ-TTF/GOx/Nafion, and CNT/TCNQ-TTF/GOx/Nafion), the CNT/TCNQ-TTF/GOx/Nafion electrode exhibited the best electrochemical performance. It was found that the TCNQ-TTF electron mediator played a critical role in the electron transfer for the active sites of GOx to the electrode and the peak current increased by 150% due to the presence of CNTs. The peak current of the CNT/TCNQ-TTF/GOx/Nafion electrode increased linearly with the increase of glucose concentration in the range of 0-15 mM. The CNT/TCNQ-TTF/GOx/Nafion electrode was integrated with a bilirubin oxidase-immobilized cathode for biofuel cell applications. The maximum power density at glucose concentrations of 20 and 200 mM were 8.1 and 17.8 microW/cm2, respectively. The result of this study indicates that the CNT/Fc/GOx/CHI electrode can be applied in the development of biofuel cells and biosensors.

Patch-Type Wearable Enzymatic Lactate Biofuel Cell With Carbon Cloth Bioelectrodes for Energy Harvesting From Human Sweat

“…The CC electrodes with deposited MWCNT will be referred to as M-CC. The anode M-CC was made by adding 20 μL of TTF solution (0.01%) in DMF [25] and cathode M-CC with 5 μL of ABTS solution (1 mM) [26] and left to dry for 2 h at 60 • C. Furthermore, bioanode and biocathode were fabricated by dropcasting 20 μL of LOX (100 U/mL) solution and 20 μL of BOD (50 U/mL) solution in 0.1 M PBS, respectively. The bioelectrodes were left to dry for 2 h at room temperature to ensure proper immobilization of enzymes.…”

Nano-Carbon Electrodes for Thermal Energy Harvesting

“…46 The specific surface area (SSA) of CNTs falls in the range of 50-1315 m 2 /g, depending on the number of walls present. [47][48][49][50] Graphene has a structure similar to CNTs, in the sense that it is composed of a single layer of carbon atoms bonded in a hexagonal lattice. [51][52][53] However, graphene is not rolled up into a cylinder but instead is an unrolled sheet of carbon.…”

Photoelectroanalytical Detection of Adrenaline Based on DNA and TiO2 Nanoparticles Sensitized with Bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene Exploiting LED Light

“…22,23 Thus, the anatase TiO 2 has been sensitized with several compounds in order to make the titanium oxide properties more attractive to development of photoelectroanalytical devices including phthlocyanines, 24,25 conducting polymers, 26 porphyrins, 27 lithium tetracyanoethylenide, 28 quantum dots, 29 among others. Tetrathiafulvalene is a strong π-electron donor which has attracted particular attention in the development of chemical sensors, 30 superconducting materials, 31 ferromagnets, 32 non-linear optic devices, 33 biofuel cell, 34 and recently in development of dye sensitized solar cells. 35 The aim of the present work is the development of a novel photoelectrochemical sensor based on indium tin oxide modified with anatase TiO 2 nanoparticles sensitized with bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene (BEDT-TTF/TiO 2 ) for adrenaline detection with visible light emitting diode (LED) light.…”