Fabrication of cadmium chloride PVA polymer composite for γ-ray shielding

Abstract

Reducing the effect of exposure to radiation in places such as radiation labs, nuclear reactors, radiotherapy facilities, industries involving radiation, etc., is essential for the health of radiation workers. In such cases materials having flexibility added with high attenuation coefficient of radiation is required for manufacturing wearables. Even though materials such as lead compounds, building materials, etc., have high attenuation coefficient, they are toxic and rigid, making them unsuitable for this purpose. In this regard, blending compounds with polymers would lead to flexible materials with high shielding capability. In the present work, 25 wt% cadmium chloride in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer composite has been prepared using solution casting method. The obtained polymer composite is characterised by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The mass attenuation coefficients (μ/ρ) and half value layer (HVL) of gamma radiations were measured at various energies 511, 661, 1173 and 1332 keV using calibrated gamma ray spectrometer with NaI(Tl) detector and compared to WinXCom-calculated theoretical values. The measured μ/ρ and HVL are 0.089, 0.078, 0.064, 0.061 cm2/g and 0.685, 0.778, 0.985, 1.003 cm, respectively. It is found that the obtained experimental values are in good agreement with theoretical values within the experimental errors. Also, it is observed that the μ/ρ decreases and HVL increases with increase in energy. Even though PVA is not radiation resistant, when it is blended with 25 wt% cadmium chloride it shows good shielding property. Thus, the fabricated cadmium chloride-PVA polymer composite can be used for radiation shielding instead of toxic and expensive materials.