Fabrication of Assembled Virus Nanostructures on Templates of Chemoselective Linkers Formed by Scanning Probe Nanolithography

Cheung, Chin Li; Camarero, Julio A.; Woods, Bruce W.; Lin, Tianwei; Johnson, John E.; Yoreo, Jim J. De

doi:10.1021/ja034479h

Cited by 177 publications

(163 citation statements)

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“…The physical picture of directed macromolecular assembly that emerges from this investigation combined with previous observations using Cys-modified CPMV 15 is summarized in Fig. 4.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…42 For Cys-CPMV, formation of di-sulfide bonds between virions magnifies this phenomenon. Thus, island morphology was observed to be dendritic even without the addition of PEG, 15 and is reminiscent of DLA with asymmetric sticking (Fig. 4, upper right panel, see reference 15, Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This is in stark contrast to the results obtained when direct inter-viral interactions are introduced through cysteine modifications. 15 We also observed the evolution of His-CPMV assembly on linear templates as a function of time and flux (Fig. 3a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…4a). At high values of flux-to-mobility and/or strongly attractive interactions as it the case for Cys-CPMV, 15 dendritic patterns will arise due to the high attachment rates and slow rates of relaxation ( Fig. 4c from reference 15.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21,22 These were then patterned with nickel (II)-chelating nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) terminated alkyl thiols (Fig. 1a) using two-step nanografting 13,15 (Fig. 1b) to produce linear templates (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical Controls on Directed Virus Assembly at Nanoscale Chemical Templates

et al. 2006

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Viruses are attractive building blocks for nanoscale heterostructures, but little is understood about the physical principles governing their directed assembly. In-situ force microscopy was used to investigate organization of Cowpea Mosaic Virus engineered to bind specifically and reversibly at nanoscale chemical templates with sub-30nm features. Morphological evolution and assembly kinetics were measured as virus flux and inter-viral potential were varied. The resulting morphologies were similar to those of atomic-scale epitaxial systems, but the underlying thermodynamics was analogous to that of colloidal systems in confined geometries. The 1D templates biased the location of initial cluster formation, introduced asymmetric sticking probabilities, and drove 1D and 2D condensation at subcritical volume fractions. The growth kinetics followed a t 1/2 law controlled by the slow diffusion of viruses. The lateral expansion of virus clusters that initially form on the 1D templates following introduction of polyethylene glycol (PEG) into the solution suggests a significant role for weak

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“…The physical picture of directed macromolecular assembly that emerges from this investigation combined with previous observations using Cys-modified CPMV 15 is summarized in Fig. 4.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical Controls on Directed Virus Assembly at Nanoscale Chemical Templates

et al. 2006

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Nanobiolithography of Biochips

Gheber

2007

Handbook of Biosensors and Biochips

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The maturation of arrayed biosensors (mainly DNA microarrays, known as DNA chips ) has demonstrated the power of the parallel approach to sensing in general and biosensing in particular. The ability to ask thousands of questions and obtain simultaneous answers enables high‐throughput screening of potential drugs, diagnosis of genetically derived disorders, and basic genome research. The promise of the biochip, though, goes much further and farther: online monitoring of drinking water and food quality, point‐of‐care diagnosis, biodefense, and other futuristic applications. To reach there, though, there is a need to almost completely transform the existing technology, which at present is highly localized to large research laboratories, big pharmaceutical companies, or advanced medical centers. Several aspects must be considered simultaneously (a step‐by‐step improvement of existing technology is likely to fail): the “spot” size needs to be reduced by several orders of magnitude, reporting and reading systems must be integrated, sample preparation and handling subsystems should also be integrated, the devices need to be increasingly autonomous and have communication abilities, and label‐free detection methods need to be developed to enable on‐line operation. One possible avenue, nanobiolithography, has gained much attention during the past years. We review the problems and possible ways to solve them, using state‐of‐the‐art nanobiolithography techniques.

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Nanolithography

Leggett¹

2012

Supramolecular Chemistry

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A wide range of strategies is now available for organizing molecules at nanometer length scales. Photolithography is the paradigmatic semiconductor processing methodology. We examine the limits on its resolution, and the methods that can be used to enhance its performance. Electron beam lithography offers ultimate resolution; while it requires access to expensive and complex apparatus, it has some significant applications in molecular patterning at small length scales. Soft lithography does not offer such high resolution, but such is its versatility and simplicity that it has become an invaluable tool in supramolecular science. Nanoimprinting and colloidal lithography offer alternate approaches to the physical deposition and removal of material at high resolution. The most widely used scanning probe lithography technique to date has been dip‐pen nanolithography. A wide range of molecules may be patterned on different substrates, and parallelization is now enabling the fast patterning of large areas. Nanoshaving/nanografting represents an opposite approach, involving the selective removal of materials from monolayers. Constructive nanolithography uses a localized tip‐induced oxidation to modify the chemistry of a monolayer, enabling the construction of complex molecular films. Finally, scanning near‐field photolithography uses a near‐field probe to initiate nanometer‐scale photochemical transformations of molecular structure.

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Fabrication of Assembled Virus Nanostructures on Templates of Chemoselective Linkers Formed by Scanning Probe Nanolithography

Cited by 177 publications

References 13 publications

Physical Controls on Directed Virus Assembly at Nanoscale Chemical Templates

Physical Controls on Directed Virus Assembly at Nanoscale Chemical Templates

Nanobiolithography of Biochips

Nanolithography

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