Fabrication of anthropomorphic phantoms for use in total body irradiations studies

Abstract

Purpose:The aim of this study was to produce a low-cost anatomical model of adult male including lower limbs to evaluate the three-dimensional dose distribution for dosimetry measurements, especially in total body irradiation (TBI) and total skin electron therapy (TSET).Materials and methods:Computed tomography (CT) scan images of the atomic energy organisation RANDO phantom and lower limb CT scan images of 20 healthy persons were averaged. Selections of different body tissues substitute materials and phantom validation were performed according to previous studies worked on construction of radiation therapy phantoms.Results:The dosimetry aspect of the selected substitute materials from all considered methods showed that they were in good agreement with real human tissue, especially bone, with a percentage error of 0·5%. The results show that the electron densities obtained from the linear attenuation coefficient (reDLAC) for the tissue equivalent material used in the phantom is a better option for validation.Conclusions:This validated phantom has numerous advantages over the origin type of RANDO phantom. Therefore, using it in TBI and TSET dosimetry is recommendable.

Evaluation of Dose Distribution in Optimized Stanford Total Skin Electron Therapy (TSET) Technique in Rando Anthropomorphic Phantom using EBT3 Gafchromatic Films

“…This experimental study was conducted in the radiotherapy department of Cancer Institute of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran during 1395-1396. In this study, an electron with 6 MeV energy was used to irradiate the Rando anthropomorphic phantom dedicated to total body irradiations [24]. Since direct dose measurement is not feasible in patients treated, most data related to dose distribution are obtained through measurements in tissue equivalent phantoms.…”

Characterization of the Urethane Based Tissue Equivalent Substitute for Phantom Construction: Model Molding, XCOM and MCNPX Studies

“…The Tissue equivalent substitutes are materials with radiological properties like the human tissues they are meant to mimic [7], [8]; such properties include mong the mass density and the mass-energy absorption coefficient. The need for human tissue equivalent substitutes is on the increase [9] because tissue-equivalent substitutes are very relevant in the construction of radiation phantoms [10], [11], and it useful in the treatment and management of damaged tissues and skin [12]. They are applicable in quality control routine, quality assurance in therapeutic and diagnostic procedures, research, and measurement of doses received by patients during medical examinations [13].…”

“…The construction of anthropomorphic phantoms from tissue equivalent materials is costly [15], but several tissue equivalent materials are under investigation, and report to confirm that there is progress in achieving qualitative research output at a reduced time, cost [16], [17], and improved understanding of diseases [18]. For instance, the compound of paraffin wax and sodium chloride (common salt) has been proposed for use as an equivalent material for soft tissue [19], combination of paraffin wax and other cost-effective items have also proven to be of relevant tissue-equivalent properties [20].…”

Evaluation of the surface dose for total body irradiation (TBI) technique with parallel-opposed anterior posterior geometry

“…The TBI technique was implemented on the human-like phantom. 16 During irradiation, this phantom was positioned on the left and right side and irradiated in AP/PA geometry. The phantom was positioned on a TBI couch at 312-cm treatment distance.…”