Fabrication of a Selective and Sensitive Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer/Acetylene Black for the Determination of Azithromycin in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Samples

Abstract

A new selective and sensitive sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer/acetylene black (MIP/AB) was developed for the determination of azithromycin (AZM) in pharmaceuticals and biological samples. The MIP of AZM was synthesized by precipitation polymerization. MIP and AB were then respectively introduced as selective and sensitive elements for the preparation of MIP/AB-modified carbon paste (MIP/ABP) electrode. The performance of the obtained sensor was estimated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques. Compared with non-molecularly imprinted polymer (NIP) electrodes, NIP/ABP electrodes, and MIP-modified carbon paste electrodes, MIP/ABP electrode exhibited excellent current response toward AZM. The prepared sensor also exhibited good selectivity for AZM in comparison with structurally similar compounds. The effect of electrode composition, extraction parameters, and electrolyte conditions on the current response of the sensor was investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the prepared sensor showed two dynamic linear ranges of 1.0 × 10−7 mol L−1 to 2.0 × 10−6 mol L−1 and 2.0 × 10−6 mol L−1 to 2.0 × 10−5 mol L−1, with a limit of detection of 1.1 × 10−8 mol L−1. These predominant properties ensured that the sensor exhibits excellent reliability for detecting AZM in pharmaceuticals and biological fluids without the assistance of any separation techniques. The results were validated by the high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method.

Novel plant flavonoid electrochemical sensor based on in-situ and controllable double-layered membranes modified electrode

“…Due to good recognition and enrichment abilities to target molecules together with many other advantages including stability, inexpensive, simplicity, and reusability compare with natural biological receptors, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been regarded as ideal artificial recognition elements to improve the measuring selectivity for electrochemical sensor in complicated matrices [ 15 – 17 ]. Numerous MIPs modified electrodes were fabricated and used widely in determination of quercetin, amyloid-β protein, chlorpyrifos, and azithromycin [ 18 – 21 ], etc. However, drawbacks of slow mass transfer, low binding capacity, and poor binding kinetics resulted from these organic materials.…”

Quantitative Analysis of Artificial Sweeteners by Capillary Electrophoresis with a Dual‐Capillary Design of Molecularly Imprinted Solid‐Phase Extractor

“…Besides, it has been used for separation, 4,5 extraction, 6-8 sensing, 9 etc. MIP has high affinity and stability, so it is now widely accepted and constantly rising area of study.…”

“…Besides, it has been used for separation, 4,5 extraction, 6-8 sensing, 9 etc. [14][15][16][17] Further, an on-line MISPE concentrator has been developed for CE 8,9,18 by loading MIP particles in a small piece of capillary and connecting to the separation capillary with a polytetrafluoroethylene tube. As well as it is notably improving analytical figures of merit, and greatly combines the extraction, enrichment, and sample introduction in one single step.…”

“…MIP has high affinity and stability, so it is now widely accepted and constantly rising area of study. Besides, it has been used for separation, extraction, sensing, etc. One of them is solid‐phase extraction (SPE), a significant sample preparation technique that provides cleaner extracts with less solvent, simplicity, convenience, high preconcentration capacity.…”

“…Several hyphenated techniques of MIPSE and CE with off‐line connections have already been reported . Further, an on‐line MISPE concentrator has been developed for CE by loading MIP particles in a small piece of capillary and connecting to the separation capillary with a polytetrafluoroethylene tube. Recently, we reported a simple in‐column MISPE concentrator via direct coating a short layer of MIP material at the inlet end of the inner wall of the separation capillary.…”