Fabrication of a Novel Polymer-Free Nanostructured Drug-Eluting Coating for Cardiovascular Stents

Abstract

Angioplasty with stents is the most important method for the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the drug-eluting stents (DES) that are widely used have the increased risks of inflammatory reactions and late stent thrombosis (LST) because of the persistence of the polymer coatings. To improve the biosafety, a novel polymer-free-composite drug-eluting coating composed of magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MMSNs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was constructed using the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method in this study. A crack-free two-layered coating with impressive network nanotopologies was successfully obtained by regulating the composition and structures. This nanostructured coating exhibits excellent mechanical flexibility and blood compatibility in vitro, and the drug-loading and release performance is satisfactory as well. The in vivo study shows that this composite coating has the obvious advantage of rapid endothelialization because of its unique 3D nanostructured topology in comparison with the commercial polymer-coated DES. This study aims to provide new ideas and reliable data to design novel functional coatings that could accelerate the re-endothelialization process and avoid inflammatory reactions, thus improving the in vivo biosafety of DES.

Bio‐effect of nanoparticles in the cardiovascular system

“…However, the widely used drug‐eluting stents (DES) have increased risks of inflammatory responses and late stent thrombosis (LST) due to the polymer coatings. It has been shown that the magnetic mesoporous Si NPs and CNTs, a novel polymer‐free composite drug‐eluting coating, exhibited excellent mechanical flexibility, blood compatibility, drug‐loading and release performance in vitro , as well as accelerating re‐endothelialization process in vivo …”

“…It has been shown that the magnetic mesoporous Si NPs and CNTs, a novel polymer-free composite drug-eluting coating, exhibited excellent mechanical flexibility, blood compatibility, drug-loading and release performance in vitro, as well as accelerating re-endothelialization process in vivo. 152…”

The Surface Modification Methods for Constructing Polymer-Coated Stents

“…Lots of methods have been introduced to hinder corrosion rate of magnesium-based materials by surface modification methods including plasma anodization [23], microarc oxidation [24], as well as polymer coating [25,26]. Among them, polymer coating not only is potential to corrosion resistance, but also can act as a drug reservoir [3,27,28]. More importantly, this technique holds the ability to be functionalized with various biomolecules including poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and poly(l-lactide) acid [22].…”

Nanotechnology in Diagnosis and Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease

“…The RAPA-loading capability of 316L-BMS@CNT@M/C-3 was 60.10 ± 2.43 µg/mg, and the drugs could be continuously released for up to 2 weeks. Finally, an in vivo study showed that this nanostructured DES had the benefit of rapid re-endotheliazation in the early stages in comparison with the commercial P-FBII DES, in order to reduce the risk of thrombosis [86]. Figure 6 illustrates the porous structure of ceramic coatings and the chemical structure of polymers applied to DES.…”