Fabrication of a Novel Hybrid Heart Valve Leaflet for Tissue Engineering: An In Vitro Study

Abstract

The objective of this study was to fabricate biomatrix/polymer hybrid heart valve leaflet scaffolds using an electrospinning technique and seeded by mesenchymal stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells were obtained from rats. Porcine aortic heart valve leaflets were decellularized, coated with basic fibroblast growth factor/chitosan/poly-4-hydroxybutyrate using an electrospinning technique, reseeded, and cultured over a time period of 14 days. Controls were reseeded and cultured over an equivalent time period. Specimens were examined biochemically, histologically, and mechanically. Recellularization of the hybrid heart valve leaflet scaffolds was significantly improved compared to controls. Biochemical and mechanical analysis revealed a significant increase of cell mass, 4-hydroxyproline, collagen, and strength in the hybrid heart valve leaflets compared to controls. This is the first attempt in tissue-engineered heart valves to fabricate hybrid heart valve leaflets using mesenchymal stem cells combined with a slow release technique and an electrospinning technique.

Engineering of a polymer layered bio-hybrid heart valve scaffold

“…Different human cell sources such as blood vessels, bone marrow, umbilical cord tissue and blood, and chorionic villi have been tested for their suitability for ECM production in these TE valve scaffolds [17]. The recent approach of "Hybrid Tissue Engineering (HTE)"combines synthetic polymers with natural ECM that maintains a balance between the rate of scaffold degradation and the generation of new ECM to match the features of the native valvular tissue [16,18]. Considering the advantages of HTE, we intended to improve the biomechanical properties of bovine pericardium (BP) which is cheap, durable, easily available off the shelf and currently used as a template for fabrication of commercially available BVs [19].…”

A polydioxanone electrospun valved patch to replace the right ventricular outflow tract in a growing lamb model

“…Indeed, several polymeric biomaterials have been tested experimentally that primarily differ by the nature of the seeded cells or the scaffold (polyglycolic acid PGA, polylactic acid PLA, polylactide-co-glycolide PLGA, polyhydroxyalkanoate PHA, poly-4-hydroxybutyrale P4HB, polyhydroxyoctanoate PHO, polyvinyl alcohol PVA,.) [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. However, none of these constructs has yet allowed the in vivo restoration of a three-layered neo-pulmonary artery harboring elastic fibers and endothelial cells in the surgically relevant transannular position.…”

Application of decellularized scaffold combined with loaded nanoparticles for heart valve tissue engineering in vitro

“…What's more, targeted delivery by nanoparticles covalent binding to scaffold located the TGF-β1 affections at the cells on the scaffold, which improved the TGF-β1 bioavailability. Besides, sub-micron size of nanoparticles avoided the potential risks in vivo, such as embolism resulted in materials non-covalent coating on the scaffold [20,26] . Electron microscope observation and ELISA investigation confirmed feasible modification and sustained delivery of scaffolds binding with PEG nanoparticles.…”

“…The rest PBS samples were collected for investigating loading capacity and release dosage of delivery scaffolds by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) by using human TGF-β1 ELISA kit (Wuhan Boster Biological Technology, Ltd., China). To verify model accuracy of TGF-β1 delivery, the cumulative TGF-β1 release of delivery scaffolds was measured up to 7 days by ELISA [19,26] .…”