Fabrication of a glancing-angle-deposited distributed polarization rotator for ultraviolet applications

Oliver, J. B.; MacNally, S.; Smith, Christopher C.; Hoffman, Brittany N.; Spaulding, John; Foster, Justin C.; Papernov, Semyon; Kessler, T. J.

doi:10.1117/12.2312646

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…While this method can result in high transparency, laser damage resistance, and precise control of retardance, it is expensive and cannot be applied uniformly over large areas. [ 9–12 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While this method can result in high transparency, laser damage resistance, and precise control of retardance, it is expensive and cannot be applied uniformly over large areas. [9][10][11][12] Mesomorphic ceramics are defined as inorganic solids with morphologies intermediate between isotropic materials and single crystals. Due to their optical anisotropy, mesomorphic ceramics are under consideration as alternative waveplate materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating the Trade‐off between Optical and Mechanical Properties during Constrained Sintering of Mesomorphic Ceramic Films

Cheng

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2023

Advanced Optical Materials

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Robust, transparent, and birefringent inorganic films are demanded for polarization control of high‐power lasers. While single crystals or films obtained via glancing angle deposition exhibit desirable optical properties and laser damage resistance, these methods are limited by cost and scalability. Mesomorphic ceramics as inorganic solids with liquid crystalline superstructure offer appealing transparency and birefringence but lack mechanical robustness due to their high porosity. Here, the effect of sintering on optical and mechanical properties of mesomorphic ceramics is evaluated. Films prepared by blade coating are sintered under varying conditions. Constrained sintering accomplished crystallite growth, densification, and morphological changes including necking as well as cracking while preserving the crystallographic orientation. The extent of sintering as a function of thermal treatment is quantified by morphology, surface area loss, and crystallite growth. Moreover, activation energies for surface diffusion and grain growth are estimated by surface area analysis and X‐ray diffraction peak narrowing, respectively. After sintering, birefringence decreases while Young's modulus and hardness improve as the film densifies. Upon partial sintering, mesomorphic ceramics retain transparency, high birefringence, and enhanced modulus. Laser‐induced damage threshold is measured as well. The reported results represent an important step toward the assembly and sintering of robust waveplates with high laser damage resistance.

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“…While this method can result in high transparency, laser damage resistance, and precise control of retardance, it is expensive and cannot be applied uniformly over large areas. [ 9–12 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Trade‐off between Optical and Mechanical Properties during Constrained Sintering of Mesomorphic Ceramic Films

Cheng

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2023

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…[2,12] Recently, birefringence has been demonstrated in subwavelength gratings [13][14][15][16][17] and in layers generated by glancing-angle deposition (GLAD) of silica and other metal oxides. [18][19][20] We focus here on the latter, as it is technologically challenging to generate short-period gratings over large apertures. The advantage of the GLAD process, which fabricated a quarter-wave plate consisting of 31 layers of SiO 2 with alternating deposition angle ±𝜃, is that a large bandgap material (silica) was used to yield a large LIDT of 12.5 J cm −2 (1-on-1 testing; 0.4 mm diameter; 1 ns pulse; 351 nm).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birefringent Glass‐Engraved Tilted Pillar Metasurfaces for High Power Laser Applications

Ray,

Yoo,

Nguyen

et al. 2023

Advanced Science

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Birefringent materials—which are highly needed in high power laser systems—may be limited in usage due to the laser‐induced damage threshold of traditional birefringent materials. This work reports here on all‐glass metasurfaces, fabricated by angled etching through sacrificial metal nanoparticle (NP) etching masks, for generation of effective birefringence in the formed layer. As a result, a fused silica metasurface, monolithic to the underlying substrate, is demonstrated to exhibit a birefringence of 6.57° under 375 nm illumination. Full‐wave analysis shows a good agreement with the measurement and presents potential paths forward to increasing the effective metasurface birefringence. This is the first demonstration, to the best of knowledge, of an etching technique to obtain the resulting tilted pillar‐like nanofeatures. The anisotropy of the metasurface nanoelements along the two window in‐plane major axes presents different effective paths for the two polarizations and thus generates birefringence in a nonbirefringent material. Additionally, the imparted anisotropy lends itself to manipulation of physical properties of the surface as well, with metasurface feature orientation suppressing water flow along one principal axis and giving rise to water flow steering capabilities.

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“…The main components of this tensor correspond to the averaged inverse shape parameters. The planar birefringence, important in GLAD films applications for polarization optic [22,23], was calculated using the shape parameters and was compared with the experimental data from Reference [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Modeling of the Optical Anisotropy of Porous Thin Films

2020

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In this article, a combined approach for studying the optical anisotropy of porous thin films obtained by the glancing angle deposition is presented. This approach combines modeling on the atomistic and continuum levels. First, thin films clusters are obtained using the full-atomistic molecular dynamics simulation of the deposition process. Then, these clusters are represented as a medium with anisotropic pores, the shapes parameters of which are determined using the Monte Carlo based method. The difference in the main components of the refractive index is calculated in the framework of the anisotropic Bruggeman effective medium theory. The presented approach is tested and validated by comparing the analytical and simulation results for the model problems, and then is applied to silicon dioxide thin films. It is found that the maximum difference between the main components of the refractive index is 0.035 in a film deposited at an angle of 80°. The simulation results agree with the experimental data reported in the literature.

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Fabrication of a glancing-angle-deposited distributed polarization rotator for ultraviolet applications

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Investigating the Trade‐off between Optical and Mechanical Properties during Constrained Sintering of Mesomorphic Ceramic Films

Investigating the Trade‐off between Optical and Mechanical Properties during Constrained Sintering of Mesomorphic Ceramic Films

Birefringent Glass‐Engraved Tilted Pillar Metasurfaces for High Power Laser Applications

Combined Modeling of the Optical Anisotropy of Porous Thin Films

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