Fabrication of 2D perovskite (PMA)2PbI4 crystal and Cu ion implantation improved x-ray detector

Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) perovskites have been demonstrated great promise in x-ray detection application because of their stability, tunability, and the unique electronic properties. The centimeter-sized 2D perovskite (PMA)2PbI4 single crystal and the corresponding x-ray detector were fabricated. The Cu ion implanted device exhibits an excellent sensitivity of 283 μC Gyair−1 cm−2, the significantly enhanced mobility-lifetime (μτ) product of 8.05 × 10−3 cm2 V−1, and the lowest detectable dose rate of 2.13 μGyair s−1. Experimental observation combined with the DFT calculations shows that the improvement in Cu ion implanted x-ray detection is ascribed to the enhanced photoinduced charge carrier density and μτ product, and the increased carrier dissociation capability associated deeply with the decreased binding energy of exciton in the inorganic layer quasi-quantum well. The incorporation of the Cu interstitials by high-energy Cu ion implantation is able to introduce the donor and acceptor states with additional charge transfer channeling, resulting in the decreased exciton binding energy and fast dissociation of the exciton and the quick carrier extraction. Cu ion implantation regulating the dissociation of charge carriers in low-dimensional perovskites will motivate the application for 2D perovskite in high-performance x-ray detectors.

Unprecedented Chiral Three‐dimensional Hybrid Organic‐Inorganic Perovskitoids

“…Chemie Forschungsartikel and smooth crystal surface, which verifies the high crystalline quality of 1-S (Figure S9d). [18]…”

Electron‐Phonon Coupling Suppression by Enhanced Lattice Rigidity in 2D Perovskite Single Crystals for High‐Performance X‐Ray Detection

“…For RP 2D PSC, Feng et al reported a coplanar X-ray detector made of (PMA) 2 PbI 4 (PMA = phenylmethylammonium) with a sensitivity of 150 µC Gy air −1 cm −2 at 10 V bias, which increased to 283 µC Gy air −1 cm −2 at a 50 V bias under a 40 keV p soft X-ray. [11] Zhang et al demonstrated that (o-F-PEA) 2 PbI 4 2D PSCs device exhibited an improved sensitivity of ≈600 µC Gy air −1 cm −2 (20 V) and in-plane carrier mobility of 6.35 cm 2 V −1 s −1 compared to (PEA) 2 PbI 4 (0.74 cm 2 V −1 s -1 ). [12] For DJ 2D PSC, Shen et al [13] reported a coplanar sensitive 2D monolayered (NH 3 C 4 H 8 NH 3 ) PbI 4 PSC detector, showing a 242 µC Gy air −1 cm −2 under the 10 V bias/40 keV p with in-plane carrier mobility (17 cm 2 V −1 s −1 ).…”

“…reported a coplanar X‐ray detector made of (PMA) 2 PbI 4 (PMA = phenylmethylammonium) with a sensitivity of 150 µC Gy air −1 cm −2 at 10 V bias, which increased to 283 µC Gy air −1 cm −2 at a 50 V bias under a 40 keV p soft X‐ray. [ 11 ] Zhang et al. demonstrated that (o‐F‐PEA) 2 PbI 4 2D PSCs device exhibited an improved sensitivity of ≈600 µC Gy air −1 cm −2 (20 V) and in‐plane carrier mobility of 6.35 cm 2 V −1 s −1 compared to (PEA) 2 PbI 4 (0.74 cm 2 V −1 s –1 ).…”

Rationally Designed Cu-Ion Implantation-Improved 2D Perovskite BDAPbI4 Photodetector

“…Zhang et al demonstrated that Sb 2+ -ion doping into (PEA) 4 NaInCl 8 and (PEA) 2 CsNaInCl 7 2D perovskites can introduce self-trapped excitons in the [SbCl 6 ] 3– octahedron, which is the main reason for bright broadband emissions . In our previous work, we adopted Cu, Ag, C, N, H, and He ions to modify the Sr 2 VON 3 2D perovskite and Ba 3 SbI 3 , showing that ion implantation can enhance the device performance by improving the light absorption properties of the perovskite. , Furthermore, the Cu-ion implantation can decrease the exciton binding energy and band gap of the PMA 2 PbI 4 single crystal, which was used to improve the PMA 2 PbI 4 single-crystal-based X-ray detector performance . Therefore, we expect that the ion implantation method can be applied to enhance the BDAPbI 4 -based photodetector performance.…”

“…20,21 Furthermore, the Cu-ion implantation can decrease the exciton binding energy and band gap of the PMA 2 PbI 4 single crystal, which was used to improve the PMA 2 PbI 4 single-crystal-based X-ray detector performance. 22 Therefore, we expect that the ion implantation method can be applied to enhance the BDAPbI 4 -based photodetector performance. Herein, we have grown centimeter-sized BDAPbI 4 single crystals by the low-temperature-gradient crystallization method.…”