Fabrication, Characterization, and Application of Boron-Doped Diamond Microelectrodes for in Vivo Dopamine Detection

Abstract

Highly boron-doped diamond (BDD) was deposited on chemically etched micrometer-sized tungsten wires using microwave plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD), and these were used to fabricate BDD microelectrodes. BDD microelectrodes with very small diameter (about 5 microm) and 250 microm in length could be made successfully. In addition to the unique properties of BDD electrodes, such as a very low background current, high stability, and selective oxidation of dopamine (DA) in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA), other superior properties of the microelectrodes, including a constant current response, an increase in the mass transport, and the ability for use in high resistance media were also shown. An application study was conducted for in vivo detection of DA in mouse brain, where the BDD microelectrode was inserted into the corpus striatum of the mouse brain. A clear signal current response following medial forebrain bundle (MFB) stimulation could be obtained with high sensitivity. Excellent stability was achieved, indicating that the BDD microelectrodes are very promising for future in vivo electroanalysis.

Boron-doped diamond electrode: synthesis, characterization, functionalization and analytical applications

“…Nevertheless, several biofunctionalization procedures have been developed as discussed earlier and applications of BDD electrodes with immobilized biomolecules have emerged (Table 5). 70,132,138,[157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168][169][170] Functionalized nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) can be used to effect direct electron transfer between the redox center of the enzyme and the NCD surface. In this context, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was immobilized on the surface of functionalized NCD thin films to allow direct electron transfer between them due to the proximity of HRP heme groups to the NCD surface.…”

Carbon-based Electrode Materials for DNA Electroanalysis

“…They fabricated a BDD deposited microelectrode to detect in vivo dopamine with high stability and high sensitivity. 88 Moreover BDD exhibits extremely low background noise and wider potential windows. Yang and coworkers also reported a nanostructured BDD electrode for DNA sensing by using Fe(CN)6 3-/4-as a redox mediator as shown in Fig.…”

Selective detection of dopamine using a combined permselective film of electropolymerized (poly-tyramine and poly-pyrrole-1-propionic acid) on a boron-doped diamondelectrode

“…[19][20][21] Modified BDD electrodes for the selective determination of DA have been reported. 1,19,22,23 Of particular interest is the selectivity towards DA by anodical treatment, 23 and the electrodeposition of a poly(N,N-dimethylaniline) film. 1 surface to form a thin 'layer-by-layer' film with synergistic permselectivity against ascorbic and uric acids.…”