Fabrication and testing of diamond-machined gratings in ZnSe, GaP, and bismuth germanate for the near-infrared and visible

Kuzmenko, Paul J.; Little, Steve L.; Ikeda, Yuji; Kobayashi, Naoto

doi:10.1117/12.787699

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The remaining problem is chipping and pitting of the grooves, which can lead to ghosts in the spectrum 10 . We believe that this effect is caused by subsurface damage in the grating substrate produced by polishing or prior diamond machining.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was a big puzzle why a coarse grating cut on a one inch ZnSe disc in October 2007 had very good (0.30 wave p-v) wavefront error 10 and the large ZnSe grating cut 10 months later on the same machine had several waves of aberration. Experiments with a capacitive distance transducer mounted on the translation stage showed its position relative to the spindle drifted nearly 2 µm over 24 hours, greatly exceeding the design specification of the machine.…”

Section: Cutting the Gratingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Progress in the fabrication of a prototype ZnSe immersion grating for the WINERED spectrograph

Kuzmenko

Little

Ikeda³

et al. 2010

SPIE Proceedings

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The WINERED spectrograph requires a large (9 cm x 9 cm aperture), 70º blaze ZnSe immersion grating to achieve a resolution of ~100,000. It will be implemented as a mosaic of 3 gratings of aperture 3 cm x 9 cm. LLNL is diamond machining a subscale prototype (2.3 cm x 5.0 cm aperture) to demonstrate feasibility. This is a 10x increase in the size of gratings machined at LLNL.The first cutting of the grating had large wave front errors due to non-working thermal control. After repairs we recut a grating with an rms wavefront error of 0.11 wave @633 nm, which meets WINERED's full aperture requirement. The first cutting had good quality grooves, but the recut showed bad chipping. A second recut after polishing away the grating had pitted groove faces. It is known that diamond machining and mechanical polishing create subsurface damage. This damage can cause brittle fracture during subsequent machining. We plan to chemically etch ZnSe substrates to remove damaged layers prior to machining our next gratings.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cutting the Gratingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in the fabrication of a prototype ZnSe immersion grating for the WINERED spectrograph

Kuzmenko

Little

Ikeda³

et al. 2010

SPIE Proceedings

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, the immersion grating technology for the NIR wavelengths had not been established for a long time, except for silicon immersion grating fabricated by the photolithographic technique, 13,14 because it was difficult to cut brittle materials, polycrystal CVD-ZnSe or CVD-ZnS * , without any chipping on the groove edge. Recently, we succeeded to produce fine grooves on the ZnSe substrate with a small pitch (∼ 30 µm) by nano precision fly-cutting technique at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 1 and we concluded that it achieves the good surface irregularity (< λ/8), the small surface roughness (< 5 nm), and the small random pitch error (< 3 nm).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Fabrication and current optical performance of a large diamond-machined ZnSe immersion grating

et al. 2010

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ZnSe immersion gratings provide the possibility of high resolution spectroscopy in the wide infrared wavelength region from the NIR (Near Infrared) to the MIR (Mid Infrared), because ZnSe has a high refractive index (n ∼ 2.45) and a low internal extinction in these wavelength regions. We are developing ZnSe immersion grating for a ground-based NIR high-resolution spectrograph and a space MIR high-resolution spectrograph. We already have produced fine grooves on the ZnSe flat substrate with a small pitch (∼ 30 µm) using nano precision flycutting technique at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 1 which satisfies our requirements even for the short NIR application.2 Our next step is to fabricate a large prism-shaped ZnSe immersion grating with this technology. The triangle prism has the entrance surface 50mm × 23mm and the apex angle of 70 deg. Untile now, we tried three R&D cutting runs. We examined the optical performances of the immersion grating sample from the second cutting run, which showed the best performances. Although a lot of chipping are seen at the edge of the blaze by the microscopic observation, we found that the groove shape is quite good with the surface irregularity of 0.74λ (pv) and the random pitch error of 5.2 nm (rms), which closely meet with our requirements. In the HeNe laser spectra taken under both grism and immersion configurations, strong ghosts were observed at the intermedium of the diffracted orders. These interorder ghosts may originate from the differences of the pitch and/or shape between odd and even grooves due to the cutting procedures. In addition, we also investigated a suitable reflectivecoating for the diffraction surface. As a result, we concluded that aluminum or cupper by suppering process is the best materials in the wavelength region of WINERED. Finally, we discuss the pssible improvement points and prospect for the next trial in this summer.

show abstract

“…w × tanθ indicates the effective beam diameter illuminating grooves and the resolving power is proportional to the input beam diameter. Although the immersion grating concept has been around for some time [22,23] for silicon [24][25][26], ZnSe [27], GaP [27], and bismuth germinate [27], recent advances in machining techniques of brittle crystals like CdZnTe [28], InP [29], and germanium have enabled their realization [29][30][31] and potential application for spectroscopy in the infrared. In the field of infrared astronomy, immersion gratings are highly desired for their high resolving power, which for a normal echelle grating would have been of much larger sizes.…”

Section: B Immersion Gratingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comb-resolved spectroscopy with immersion grating in long-wave infrared

Iwakuni¹,

Bui²,

Niedermeyer³

et al. 2019

Opt. Express

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We have developed a dispersive spectrometer using a compact immersion grating for direct frequency comb spectroscopy in the long-wave infrared region of 8-10 m. A frequency resolution of 463 MHz is achieved, which is the highest reported in this wavelength region with a dispersive direct frequency comb spectrometer. We also demonstrate individual mode-resolved imaging of the frequency comb spectrum by Vernier cavity filtering and apply this to obtain both simple and complex molecular spectra. These results indicate that the immersion grating spectrometer offers the next advancement for sensitive, high-resolution spectroscopy of transient and large/complex molecules when combined with cavity enhancement and cooling techniques.

show abstract

Fabrication and testing of diamond-machined gratings in ZnSe, GaP, and bismuth germanate for the near-infrared and visible

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Progress in the fabrication of a prototype ZnSe immersion grating for the WINERED spectrograph

Progress in the fabrication of a prototype ZnSe immersion grating for the WINERED spectrograph

Fabrication and current optical performance of a large diamond-machined ZnSe immersion grating

Comb-resolved spectroscopy with immersion grating in long-wave infrared

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About