Fabrication and Properties of Starch-Grafted Graphene Nanosheet/Plasticized-Starch Composites

Abstract

A novel method was used to prepare starch-grafted graphene nanosheets (GN-starch), in which graphene oxide was reduced with hydrazine hydrate in the presence of starch. The obtained GN-starch was characterized by electron microscopy, FTIR analysis, Raman spectra, thermogravimetric analysis, and UV–visible spectra, which confirmed that starch was effectively functionalized on the surface of graphene. Also, GN-starch exhibited high solubility and stability in water. The composites were also fabricated by using GN-starch as the filler in a plasticized-starch (PS) matrix. Because of the strong interaction between starch in GN-starch and the PS matrix, GN-starch can be well dispersed in the PS matrix and improve tensile strength to 25.4 MPa at a GN-starch content of 1.774 wt % and a moisture barrier even at a very low loading (0.248 wt %) of GN-starch fillers. PS/GN-starch composites could protect against UV light, and the conductivity of the composite could reach 9.7 × 10–4 S/cm at a GN-starch content of 1.774 wt %.

Recent Advances in Nanocomposite Materials of Graphene Derivatives with Polysaccharides

“…The water vapor transmission rate and the moisture uptake of the nanocomposite films were lower than in pure starch, making the nanocomposites suitable for food packaging applications. Similar nanocomposites were prepared by Zheng et al , with the addition of glycerol and graphene concentrations of 0.248–1.774 wt% [122]. FTIR spectra confirmed hydrogen bonding between graphene and plasticized starch while uniform dispersion of the filler was observed in SEM pictures.…”

Improved mechanical and barrier properties of starch film with reduced graphene oxide modified by SDBS

“…In particular, the oxidation of starch has been extensively investigated due to its low viscosity at a high solid concentration, high transparency, high stability, and good film forming capacity . Blending starch matrix with inorganic or organic reinforcements such as graphene oxide, layer silicates, cellulose, and natural polysaccharide particles was another significant approach to overcome shortcomings of native starches. Recently, graphene, a flat two‐dimensional (2D) monolayer of sp 2 ‐bonded carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, has been introduced into starch matrix to improve the mechanical properties, thermal stability and gas barrier properties of starch .…”

“…Recently, graphene, a flat two‐dimensional (2D) monolayer of sp 2 ‐bonded carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, has been introduced into starch matrix to improve the mechanical properties, thermal stability and gas barrier properties of starch . The graphene oxide (GO) was also used as the filler in the starch matrix to reinforce the starch film . The abundant oxygen‐containing groups of GO could form hydrogen bond interactions with starch matrix .…”

Recent progress in chemical modification of starch and its applications

“…77 Zheng et al 78 synthesized starch-graed graphene nanosheets (GN-starch), using hydrazine hydrate to reduce the graphene oxide (GO) in the presence of starch. 77 Zheng et al 78 synthesized starch-graed graphene nanosheets (GN-starch), using hydrazine hydrate to reduce the graphene oxide (GO) in the presence of starch.…”