Fabrication and practical applications of molybdenum disulfide nanopores

Gräf, M.; Lihter, Martina; Thakur, Mukeshchand; Georgiou, Vasileia; Topolancik, Juraj; Ilić, B.; Liu, Ke; Feng, Jiandong; Astier, Yann; Radenović, Aleksandra

doi:10.1038/s41596-019-0131-0

Cited by 92 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Solid-state nanopores are generally fabricated in a freestanding membrane of a solid-state material such as silicon nitride (SiNx) 75 , graphene 19 , hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) 76 , or molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) 41 , with thicknesses ranging from ~0.3-30 nm. In common nanopore chips (Fig.3g), such a membrane is structurally supported by a ~200-500 µm thick substrate material, typically silicon 75 (Si), glass 16 (SiO2), or Pyrex 77 .…”

Section: Noise In Solid-state Nanoporesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We compared these data to experimental results on two types of solid-state nanopores, SiNx 29 and MoS2 27 that were measured at the same electrolyte conditions. Translocation data of poly(dT)80 through a 1.4 nm MoS2 pore were kindly shared by the Radenovic lab 41 , whereas poly(dT)30 data for a 1.4 nm SiNx pore with ~5 nm length were taken from the literature 29 . Figure 4c shows examples of single-molecule poly(dT) translocations for the 5 pores.…”

Section: Comparing the Performance Of Biological And Solid-state Nanomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparing current noise in biological and solid-state nanopores

Fragasso

Schmid

Dekker

2019

Preprint

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Nanopores bear great potential as single-molecule tools for bioanalytical sensing and sequencing, due to their exceptional sensing capabilities, high-throughput, and low cost. The detection principle relies on detecting small differences in the ionic current as biomolecules traverse the nanopore. A major bottleneck for the further progress of this technology is the noise that is present in the ionic current recordings, because it limits the signal-to-noise ratio and thereby the effective time resolution of the experiment. Here, we review the main types of noise at low and high frequencies and discuss the underlying physics. Moreover, we compare biological and solid-state nanopores in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the important figure of merit, by measuring free translocations of a short ssDNA through a selected set of nanopores under typical experimental conditions. We find that SiNx solid-state nanopores provide the highest SNR, due to the large currents at which they can be operated and the relatively low noise at high frequencies. However, the real game-changer for many applications is a controlled slowdown of the translocation speed, which for MspA was shown to increase the SNR >160-fold. Finally, we discuss practical approaches for lowering the noise for optimal experimental performance and further development of the nanopore technology.

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Section: Noise In Solid-state Nanoporesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparing the Performance Of Biological And Solid-state Nanomentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing current noise in biological and solid-state nanopores

Fragasso

Schmid

Dekker

2019

Preprint

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“…The contamination visible on the suspended part is most likely not caused by the electrochemical deposition, primarily because of the inhomogeneous distribution. Typically this contamination is associated with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) residues used in the device fabrication . Another possibility is the contamination caused by the interaction of the electron beam with the resist residues, PPO coating, or residual phenylene oxide oligomers that were not completely washed away.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2D semiconducting materials, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) and their heterostructures, are quickly emerging as the central component of a variety of nanoelectronic devices . One class of such devices can be used as (bio)sensors for electrical or electrochemical detection of (bio)molecules in a liquid . For this purpose, the 2D material is contacted by electrodes and exposed to a solution containing specific molecules that influence the electrical properties of the material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscale Selective Passivation of Electrodes Contacting a 2D Semiconductor

Lihter

Gräf

Iveković

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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2D semiconducting materials have become the central component of various nanoelectronic devices and sensors. For sensors operating in liquid, it is crucial to efficiently block the electron transfer that occurs between the electrodes contacting the 2D material and the interfering redox species. This reduces current leakages and preserves a good signal-to-noise ratio. Here, a simple electrochemical method is presented for passivating the electrodes contacting a monolayer of MoS 2 , a representative of transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductors. The method is based on blocking the electrode surface by a thin and compact layer of electronically nonconductive poly(phenylene oxide), PPO, formed by electrochemical polymerization of phenol. Since the phenol polymerization occurs in the potential window where MoS 2 is electrochemically inactive, the PPO deposition is area-selective, limited to the electrode surface. The deposited PPO film is characterized by electrochemical, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy techniques. The applicability of this method is demonstrated by coating the electrodes of a MoS 2based field-effect transistor coupled with a nanopore. The highly selective deposition, the simple approach, and the compatibility with MoS 2 makes this method a good strategy for efficient insulation of micro-and nanoelectrodes contacting 2D semiconductor-based devices.

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“…There are limited number of studies on single nucleotide sensing using 1-layer thick MoS2 nanopores [33][34][35][36][37] . Single nucleotide detection from homogenous polynucleotide strands has been demonstrated by 1-layer thick MoS2 nanopores at a concentration of 5 µg ml -1 with 100 mM KCl solution 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly accurate random DNA sequencing using inherent interlayer potential traps of bilayer MoS₂ nanopores

Sen

Hoi

Nandi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Solid-state MoS2 nanopores are emerging as potential real-time DNA sequencers due to their ultrathinness and pore stability. One of the major challenges in determining random nucleotide sequence (unlike polynucleotide strands) is the non-homogeneity of the charge interaction and velocity during DNA translocation. This results in varying blockade current for the same nucleotide, reducing the sequencing confidence. In this work, we studied the inherent impedancetunability (due to vertical interlayer potential gradient and ion accumulation) of multilayered MoS2 nanopores along with its effect on improving analyte capture and charge interaction, for more sensitive and confident sensing. Experimentally we demonstrate that 2-3 nm diameter bilayer MoS2 pores are best suited for high accuracy (~90%) sequencing of mixed nucleotides with signalto-noise-ratio greater than 11 in picomolar concentration solutions. High temporal resolution demonstrated by bilayer MoS2 nanopores can help detect neutral proteins in future. The high accuracy detection in low concentration analyte can hence be applied for control and prevention of hereditary diseases and understanding health effects of rare microbial strains.

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Fabrication and practical applications of molybdenum disulfide nanopores

Cited by 92 publications

References 83 publications

Comparing current noise in biological and solid-state nanopores

Comparing current noise in biological and solid-state nanopores

Nanoscale Selective Passivation of Electrodes Contacting a 2D Semiconductor

Highly accurate random DNA sequencing using inherent interlayer potential traps of bilayer MoS₂ nanopores

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Fabrication and practical applications of molybdenum disulfide nanopores

Cited by 92 publications

References 83 publications

Comparing current noise in biological and solid-state nanopores

Comparing current noise in biological and solid-state nanopores

Nanoscale Selective Passivation of Electrodes Contacting a 2D Semiconductor

Highly accurate random DNA sequencing using inherent interlayer potential traps of bilayer MoS2 nanopores

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Product

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Highly accurate random DNA sequencing using inherent interlayer potential traps of bilayer MoS₂ nanopores