Fabrication and physico-chemical properties of iron titanate nanoparticles based sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) membrane for proton exchange membrane fuel cell application

Salarizadeh, Parisa; Javanbakht, Mehran; Pourmahdian, Saeed

doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2015.08.014

Cited by 48 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…So, as expected, the formation of a hydrogen bond between ─OH groups of SZrTi and sulfonic acid moieties of the polymer matrix enhanced the thermal resistance of the nanocomposite membrane. Similar results for thermal resistance improvement of membranes by the introduction of metal oxide were also reported earlier …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The vehicular mechanism is augmented in the membrane through the hygroscopic nature of SZrTi nanoparticle. Besides, the acidic properties of used sulfated metal oxide, which provide more hopping sites, facilitate proton transfer via the Grotthuss mechanism . Sulfate groups in the SZrTi nanoparticle generate strong Lewis and Brönsted acidity .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maintaining the polymer structure may happen because of the interaction between the polymer matrix and SZrTi nanoparticle. Also, the presence of nanoparticles would restricted polymer chain movement because of the reduction of free volumes …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, the acidic properties of used sulfated metal oxide, which provide more hopping sites, facilitate proton transfer via the Grotthuss mechanism. 49,50 Sulfate groups in the SZrTi nanoparticle generate strong Lewis and Brönsted acidity. 51 The Lewis and Brönsted acid sites are transformed into each other in aqueous conditions, which act as a proton transferor.…”

Section: Proton Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous improvement of ionic conductivity and oxidative stability of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) nanocomposite proton exchange membrane for fuel cell application

2020

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Summary Simultaneous high proton conductivity with high oxidative stability is one of the major concerns in the proton exchange membrane (PEM) preparation. With this perspective, different loadings of the sulfated zirconia‐titania, a binary metal oxide that possesses enhanced physicochemical properties, nanoparticle in sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) polymer were evaluated by the response surface method to obtain the novel PEM with boosted proton conductivity and oxidative stability. Two models for correlation of proton conductivity and oxidative stability (in Fenton solution) with two independent factors, including sulfonation time and the weight percent of the nanoparticle loading, were obtained by central composite design. The optimum parameters to attain the highest proton conductivity with oxidative stability are found to be the sulfonation time of 6.48 hours and the nanoparticle weight percent of 10.12%. The nanoparticle loading was found to be the more significant factor in the proton conductivity model, while the sulfonation time in the oxidative stability model was the main affecting factor. The optimal membranes were characterized by 1H NMR, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Fenton test, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), water uptake, swelling ratio, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis. The results indicate that the introduction of the optimal contents of SZrTi nanoparticle into the polymer matrix would improve the water uptake and consequently the proton conductivity at a higher temperature while keeping the swelling ratio at an acceptable range. The highest achieved proton conductivity by the resulted nanocomposite was 29.21 mS cm−1 at 120°C with 186‐minute durability in the Fenton's reagent. Moreover, the maximum peak power density of 199 mW cm−2 was achieved at 90°C and 100% RH for the single‐cell performance test of nanocomposite‐based membrane electrode assembly (MEA), while it was recorded at 112 mW cm−2 for commercial MEA. Acceptable dispersion of SZrTi nanoparticle in the SPEEK matrix causes negligible fuel crossover flux (eg, 0.35 × 10−6 mmol s−1 cm−2 and 12.49 × 10−6 mmol s−1 cm−2 for nanocomposite‐based MEA and commercial MEA, respectively), which is indispensable to improve the mechanical and chemical stability. So, the novel prepared nanocomposite SPEEK‐based membrane would be a promising alternative for the Nafion membrane at moderate to high temperatures. Highlights Sulfated ZrO2‐TiO2 binary oxide was introduced into the SPEEK polymer matrix. Chemical stability and proton conductivity were promoted by design of experiments. The nanoparticle loading was the main factor in the proton conductivity model. Sulfonation time in the oxidative stability model was the most affecting factor. Fuel crossover was omitted because of the presence of SZrTi nanoparticle in the SPEEK matrix.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Proton Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous improvement of ionic conductivity and oxidative stability of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) nanocomposite proton exchange membrane for fuel cell application

2020

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“…Then, the precipitate was washed with DI water until neutral pH and dried at 70 °C in a vacuum oven. The DS of the SPEEK was determined to be 68% based on the titration method …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced properties of SPEEK with incorporating of PFSA and barium strontium titanate nanoparticles for application in DMFCs

et al. 2019

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Summary Novel blend nanocomposite proton‐exchange membranes were prepared using sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK), perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA), and Ba0.9Sr0.1TiO3 (BST) doped‐perovskite nanoparticles. The membranes were evaluated by attenuated total reflection, X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy, water uptake, proton conductivity, methanol permeability, and direct methanol fuel cell test. The effect of two additives, PFSA and BST, were investigated. Results indicated that both proton conductivity and methanol barrier of the blend nanocomposite membranes improved compared with pristine SPEEK and the as‐prepared blend membranes. The methanol permeability and the proton conductivity of the blend membrane containing 6 wt% BST obtained 3.56 × 10−7 cm2 s−1 (at 25 °C) and 0.110 S cm−1 (at 80 °C), respectively. The power density value for the optimum blend nanocomposite membrane (15 wt% PFSA and 6 wt% BST) (54.89 mW cm‐2) was higher than that of pristine SPEEK (31.34 mW cm‐2) and SPF15 blend membrane (36.12 mW cm‐2).

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Non‐Fluorinated Polymer Composite Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications – A Review

2019

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The critical component of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system is the proton exchange membrane (PEM). Perfluorosulfonic acid membranes such as Nafion are currently used for PEMFCs in industry, despite suffering from reduced proton conductivity due to dehydration at higher temperatures. However, operating at temperatures below 100 °C leads to cathode flooding, catalyst poisoning by CO, and complex system design with higher cost. Research has concentrated on the membrane material and on preparation methods to achieve high proton conductivity, thermal, mechanical and chemical stability, low fuel crossover and lower cost at high temperatures. Non‐fluorinated polymers are a promising alternative. However, improving the efficiency at higher temperatures has necessitated modifications and the inclusion of inorganic materials in a polymer matrix to form a composite membrane can be an approach to reach the target performance, while still reducing costs. This review focuses on recent research in composite PEMs based on non‐fluorinated polymers. Various inorganic fillers incorporated in the PEM structure are reviewed in terms of their properties and the effect on PEM fuel cell performance. The most reliable polymers and fillers with potential for high temperature proton exchange membranes (HTPEMs) are also discussed.

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Fabrication and physico-chemical properties of iron titanate nanoparticles based sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) membrane for proton exchange membrane fuel cell application

Cited by 48 publications

References 62 publications

Simultaneous improvement of ionic conductivity and oxidative stability of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) nanocomposite proton exchange membrane for fuel cell application

Simultaneous improvement of ionic conductivity and oxidative stability of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) nanocomposite proton exchange membrane for fuel cell application

Enhanced properties of SPEEK with incorporating of PFSA and barium strontium titanate nanoparticles for application in DMFCs

Non‐Fluorinated Polymer Composite Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications – A Review

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