Fabrication and Manufacturing Process of Solar Cell: Part II

Prabhansu, -; Kumar, Nayan

doi:10.1002/9781119760801.ch2

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…However, in gasification, these conditions are not satisfied, or are less common or fleeting, and hence, the likelihood of detection of PCDD/Fs compounds in the producer gas is low. The specific conditions by which the gasifier runs the gasification process prevents the formation of free chlorine from HCl, thus confining the chlorination of any species in the producer gas [73]. In conclusion, high temperature and gas cooling are by the most effective parameters eliminating dioxins formation in gasification even for feedstock with a chlorine content, while gasifier types play a less important role in dioxin formation prevention as shown in Figures 4 and 5.…”

Section: Overview Of Experimental Measurements Of Dioxin Formation Le...mentioning

confidence: 89%

Dioxin Formation in Biomass Gasification: A Review

2022

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The amount of PCDD/F emissions produced by gasification operations is often within standard limits set by national and international laws (<0.1 ng TEQ/Nm3). However, a recent assessment of the literature indicates that gasification cannot always reduce PCDD/Fs emissions to acceptable levels, and thus a common belief on the replacement of incineration with gasification in order to reduce PCDD/Fs emissions seems overly simplistic. A review that summarizes the evidence on when gasification would likely result in environmentally benign emissions with PCDD/F below legal limits, and when not, would be of scientific and practical interest. Moreover, there are no reviews on dioxin formation in gasification. This review discusses the available data on the levels of dioxins formed by gasifying different waste streams, such as municipal solid wastes, plastics, wood waste, animal manure, and sewage sludge, from the existing experimental work. The PCDD/Fs formation in gasification and the operational parameters that can be controlled during the process to minimize PCDD/Fs formation are reviewed.

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Section: Overview Of Experimental Measurements Of Dioxin Formation Le...mentioning

confidence: 89%

Dioxin Formation in Biomass Gasification: A Review

2022

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“…These impurities require removal, usually through catalytic conditioning. 49,54 The syngas cleaning is done in two steps. First, syngas from the gasifier is quenched and cooled, and the particles (ash and char) and tar carried by the product gas are removed.…”

Section: Syngas Cleaning and Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The acid gas cleaning system can use either physical or chemical absorption methods. 54 The crude syngas, after cleaning, is composed mainly of CO, CO 2 , H 2 O, and H 2 and fed to a syngas conditioning process, which upgrades the crude syngas to chemical grade, so that it can be converted into a desired HC liquid fuel. Syngas composition is highly dependent upon the type of gasification technology applied (air, oxygen, or steam) and the biomass feedstock.…”

Section: Syngas Cleaning and Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Present and Future Perspectives of Liquid-Phase Slurry Processes Involved in Methanol and Dimethyl Ether Synthesis Using Biomass-Derived Syngas

Tyagi

Kumar

2023

Energy Fuels

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Alternative energy, especially liquid fuel, i.e., methanol and dimethyl ether (DME), is considered a clean and low-carbon energy source. Among several applications, methanol is used as transportation fuel, an additive with conventional petroleum products, a solvent, a feedstock for specialty chemicals, etc. Methanol can be converted to DME by catalytic dehydration into fuel for heavy turbines, rockets, etc. Therefore, methanol and DME are considered the most promising energy carriers and the main competitors to hydrogen and other petroleum-based products. Because of the increasing demand for cleaner and sustainable energy fuel, many technologies using different feedstocks (including coal, natural gas, CO 2 , and biomass-derived syngas) have been developed over the years for the production of methanol and DME. Methanol production on an industrial scale to date is mostly based on coal and natural gases. However, reducing the dependence upon non-renewable sources and increasing large-scale methanol production using biomass-derived syngas are the most important topics nowadays. In the present study, the recent advances in the development of production processes of methanol and DME using syngas are thoroughly reviewed, considering reaction chemistry, kinetic aspects, and heat and mass transfer rates. Further, the state-of-the-art experimental and computational fluid dynamics characterization techniques involved in design and scale-up and process intensification in slurry reactor technology for liquid-phase methanol synthesis are reviewed. Finally, an attempt is made to give a detailed review based on recent literature to find an advanced, cost-effective, and efficient process for biomass-derived syngas conversion into methanol and DME with future research and development perspectives.

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“…The key challenge to commercializing biomass gasification is to generate a clean fuel gas meeting the global emission standards. 7 Hot gas filtration is a reliable and well-proven technology already applied in hundreds of installations all around the world, 12 which can remove PMs efficiently down to the submicron range (η > 99.5%) and decrease clean gas concentrations down to less than 1.0 mg/m 3 . Although some small hot gas filters containing 1−100 candles had been operated in lab or demonstration plants for the gasification and pyrolysis of biomass since the 1990s, 12 there is not much largescale experience of hot gas filtration for biomass gasification.…”

Section: Challenges and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Gasification is one of the promising thermochemical conversion technologies, 5 which converts biomass to combustible gases, often termed as product gas or producer gas, sometimes also called as biosyngas or syngas when its N 2 concentration is very low. When heated to more than 500 °C with a gasifying agent, as shown in Table 1, biomass can be transformed into the product gas that consists of a mixture of hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH 4 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), nitrogen (N 2 ), water vapor (H 2 O), and minor impurities or contaminants, 6,7 depending on the characteristics of the gasification process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mini-Review on Hot Gas Filtration in Biomass Gasification: Focusing on Ceramic Filter Candles

et al. 2021

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Biomass gasification is increasingly attracting interest in the research of biorenewable energy all over the world, as a carbon-neutral supplement to the conventional fossil energy. It can convert biomass to the burnable producer gas for heat and power production or synthesis of fuels and chemicals. However, its commercial applications are seriously interfered by the minor but unavoidable contaminants or impurities in the raw product gas, which cause severe problems in the downstream equipment. This paper reviews the recent progress on the hot gas filtration technologies for removing particulate matters (PMs) and tars from the biomass-derived product gas, focusing on ceramic filter candles, which are widely applied in the biomass gasification systems. Developments of PM characterization, hot gas catalytic filtration, and oxidative filtration as well as the numerical simulation of computational fluid dynamics in hot gas filtration are summarized in detail. It also critically discusses the major challenges and future opportunities in hot gas filtration and concludes that the combined oxidative filtration and catalytic filtration with highly efficient catalyst at moderate temperatures (<600 °C) should be the most economical option for the widespread commercial small-scale biomass gasification systems.

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Fabrication and Manufacturing Process of Solar Cell: Part II

Cited by 3 publications

References 75 publications

Dioxin Formation in Biomass Gasification: A Review

Dioxin Formation in Biomass Gasification: A Review

Present and Future Perspectives of Liquid-Phase Slurry Processes Involved in Methanol and Dimethyl Ether Synthesis Using Biomass-Derived Syngas

Mini-Review on Hot Gas Filtration in Biomass Gasification: Focusing on Ceramic Filter Candles

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