Fabrication and In Vitro Characterization of Bioactive Glass/Nano Hydroxyapatite Reinforced Electrospun Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Composite Membranes for Guided Tissue Regeneration

Abstract

Background: Current resorbable and non-resorbable membranes act as a physical barrier to avoid connective and epithelial tissue downgrowth into the defect, favoring the regeneration of periodontal tissues. These conventional membranes possess many structural and bio-functional limitations. We hypothesized that the next-generation of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membranes for periodontal tissue engineering will be a biologically active, spatially designed nanofibrous biomaterial that closely mimics the native extra-cellular matrix (ECM). Methods: GTR membranes made of poly(ε-Caprolactone) with a molecular weight of 80,000 reinforced with different weight concentrations of nano-Hydroxyapatite/Bioactive glass (2%, 5%, 10%, 15%) is fabricated by the method of electrospinning. After fabrication, in vitro properties are evaluated. Results: The electrospun nanofibrous membranes possessed excellent mechanical properties initially and after one month of degradation in phosphate buffer solution (PBS). Moreover, none of the fabricated membranes were found to be cytotoxic at lower concentrations and higher concentrations. Comparing the overall properties, PCL (poly(e-caprolactone)) + BG (Bioactive glass) 2% exhibited superior cell attachment and percentage of viable cells, increased fiber and pore diameter which satisfies the ideal properties needed for GTR membranes. Conclusion: Composite nanofibrous membranes prepared by electrospinning are suitable for use as a GTR membrane and are a useful prototype for further development of a final membrane for clinical use.

Advance of Nano-Composite Electrospun Fibers in Periodontal Regeneration

“…The results showed that both nHA and nBG could apparently enhance the ALP activity of human periodontal ligament fibroblast cells (hPDLFs), while the incorporation of nBG showed superior performance in the adhesion and proliferation of hPDLFs and osteoblast like cells (MG-63 cell lines). A similar phenomenon was also observed by Sunandhakumari et al (2018). These studies indicate that, compared to nHA, mBG performs better in enhancing viability, attachment, proliferation and differentiation of osteogenic-relative cells.…”

In Vitro Mechanical and Biological Properties of 3D Printed Polymer Composite and β-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffold on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells

“…This implied that the 3D printed PLGA/TCP was not able to withstand the likely pressure to be experienced at loading sites or in critical areas of bone defects. Nevertheless, 3DP flexible reinforcement could be applied for personalized small bone defect reconstruction in periodontology and implantology [ 27 , 28 ].…”

Differential Biodegradation Kinetics of Collagen Membranes for Bone Regeneration

“…(1) Hydrolytic degradation test: In vitro hydrolytic degradation behavior of membranes was analyzed in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at 37 °C [ 19 ].…”