Fabrication and development of SPEEK/PVdF-HFP/SiO2 proton exchange membrane for microbial fuel cell application

Nayak, Jagdeep Kumar; Shankar, Uday; Samal, Kundan

doi:10.1016/j.ceja.2023.100459

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…23,24 Although the higher water uptake of PVA membranes results in increased proton conductivity, its hydrophilic nature lowers its mechanical strength and increases the methanol cross-over at high humidity. Hence, the PVA chain backbone needs to be modified by either cross-linking using glutaraldehyde, sulfosuccinic acid (SSA), or polyacrylic acid, etc., 25 or sulfonation 26 or phosphorylation, 27 or adding functionalized or nonfunctionalized fillers such as GO, 7,28 Fe 3 O 4 , 2929 TiO 2 , 30 CNT, 11,31 and SiO 2 20 to make the PVAbased PEM a suitable alternative to Nafion for DMFC applications. 32,33 Cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(styrene sulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) (PSSA/MA)-based PEM have been reported in which maleic acid worked as a cross-linking agent as well as a donor of the hydrophilic groups.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, CPEMs based on inorganic additives such as graphene oxide (GO), sulfonated graphene oxide, MoS 2 , graphene nanofibers, sulfonated MoS 2, sulfonated carbon nanotubes (CNTs), amine-functionalized CNT, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), montmorillonite (MTM), and polymers like poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), polybenzimidazole (PBI), sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK), sulfonated poly(arylene ether nitrile) (SPEN), sulfonated polyethersulfone (SPES), poly(perfluorosulfonic acid), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), and sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) (SPAES) have been extensively investigated as an alternative for Nafion. Polymer backbone or the inorganic fillers have also been modified to introduce functional groups such as sulfonate, phosphate, chloride, nitride, quaternary ammonium salt, a quaternary phosphonium salt, etc., to further enhance the ionic conductivities in the CPEMs .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the nonfluorinated or hydrocarbon membranes, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based membranes are widely studied because of their biodegradability, good hydrophilic nature, availability, cost-effectiveness, and film-forming properties. , Although the higher water uptake of PVA membranes results in increased proton conductivity, its hydrophilic nature lowers its mechanical strength and increases the methanol cross-over at high humidity. Hence, the PVA chain backbone needs to be modified by either cross-linking using glutaraldehyde, sulfosuccinic acid (SSA), or polyacrylic acid, etc., or sulfonation or phosphorylation, or adding functionalized or nonfunctionalized fillers such as GO, , Fe 3 O 4 , TiO 2 , CNT, , and SiO 2 to make the PVA-based PEM a suitable alternative to Nafion for DMFC applications. , Cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(styrene sulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) (PSSA/MA)-based PEM have been reported in which maleic acid worked as a cross-linking agent as well as a donor of the hydrophilic groups. The membranes were further fluorinated for 60 min, which led to an increase in proton conductivity from 38.6 to 53 mS/cm .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of Sulfonated Poly(vinyl alcohol)/MoS₂-Based Robust Composite Proton Exchange Membranes with Higher Selectivity

Kumar,

Das

2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Selectivity is an essential property of proton exchange membranes. It is the ratio of proton conductivity to methanol permeability. In this study, we prepared mechanically robust composite proton exchange membranes (CPEMs) based on sulfonated poly(vinyl alcohol) (SPVA) and exfoliated molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) via solution casting. MoS 2 nanoplatelets act as reinforcing fillers and enhance the barrier effect toward methanol permeation. The MoS 2 loadings (wt %) were varied in the CPEMs to achieve higher selectivity by either enhancing the proton conductivity or reducing the methanol permeability of the membranes. To assess their physicochemical properties, the synthesized CPEMs were characterized for their water uptake, ion exchange capacity, proton conductivity, methanol permeability, and thermomechanical stabilities. The SPVA/MoS 2 -0.3% membranes with 0.3 wt % of MoS 2 loading showed a proton conductivity of 48 ± 7 mS/cm, which is the highest among all of the CPEMs and 1.8 times higher than that of SPVA tested at 25 °C and 98% RH. Due to the presence of MoS 2 nanoplatelets, the CPEMs offered better resistance to methanol cross-over compared to pristine SPVA membranes. The SPVA/MoS 2 -0.3% membranes exhibit a methanol permeability of 1.72 × 10 −6 cm 2 /s at 25 °C, resulting in 5 and 37% reductions in methanol cross-over and 68 and 80% increase in selectivity than pristine SPVA and Nafion 117 membranes, respectively. Moreover, the SPVA/MoS 2 -0.3% membranes provided good mechanical stability with an enhanced proton conductivity of 54 ± 5 mS/cm at 60 °C and 98% RH. Post-cross-linking of the SPVA/MoS 2 -0.3% membranes with glutaraldehyde was done to improve further their chemical, thermal, and mechanical stabilities for higher-temperature applications. The cross-linked CPEMs of 24X3.0SPVA/MoS 2 -0.3% exhibit considerably higher selectivity at elevated temperatures (ca. 80 °C) and 37 times higher selectivity than Nafion 117 at 60 °C. The above results indicate that the as-prepared SPVA/MoS 2 -0.3% and 24X3.0SPVA/MoS 2 -0.3% CPEMs have great potential for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications at moderately high temperatures.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of Sulfonated Poly(vinyl alcohol)/MoS₂-Based Robust Composite Proton Exchange Membranes with Higher Selectivity

Kumar,

Das

2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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“…In a latest study, SiO 2 was added with SPEEK and Poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoro propylene) (PVdF-HFP) to fabricate a composite membrane for MFC. [68] At 7.5 % SiO 2, the improved values for proton conductivity, voltage generation and power [density were reported as 8×10 À 2 S cm À 1 , 998.5 � 2 mV and 1.5 mW/m 2 respectively. Sulfonation processes to fabricate SPEEK requires strong conditions, such as fuming sulfuric acid and high temperature that may cause polymer chain degradation.…”

Section: Polymer-polymer Composite Membranesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…CM with sulphonic acid groups in the polymers displays improved ion transfer between electrodes. [70] This has led to the development of several PEM polymers with sulphonic acid groups such as Sulphonated Poly Ether Etherone, [68] Sulfonated Poly Styrene Ethylene Butylene Polystyrene, [71] Si-SPEEK, [72] sulfonated polysulfone (SPSF )73] , SPVC)/PAMPS, [74] Sulphonated polysilsesquioxanepolyimide [75] etc. As evident in this section, few studies are available discussing the fabrication and use of polymer-polymer composites for MFC.…”

Section: Polymer-polymer Composite Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the Development of Sustainable Composite Materials used as Membranes in Microbial Fuel Cells

James,

Velayudhaperumal Chellam

2023

The Chemical Record

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MFC can have dual functions; they can generate electricity from industrial and domestic effluents while purifying wastewater. Most MFC designs comprise a membrane which physically separates the cathode and anode compartments while keeping them electrically connected, playing a significant role in its efficiency. Popular commercial membranes such as Nafion, Hyflon and Zifron have excellent ionic conductivity, but have several drawbacks, mainly their prohibitive cost and non‐biodegradability, preventing the large‐scale application of MFC. Fabrication of composite materials that can function better at a much lower cost while also being environment‐friendly has been the endeavor of few researchers over the past years. The current review aims to apprise readers of the latest trends of the past decade in fabricating composite membranes (CM) for MFC. For emphasis on environmental‐friendly CM, the review begins with biopolymers, moving on to the carbon‐polymer, polymer‐polymer, and metal‐polymer CM. Lastly, critical analysis towards technology‐oriented propositions and realistic future directives in terms of strengths, weakness, opportunities, challenges (SWOC analysis) of the application of CM in MFC have been discussed for their possible large‐scale use. The focus of this review is the development of hybrid materials as membranes for fuel cells, while underscoring the need for environment‐friendly composites and processes.

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Click chemistry‐based azide‐substituted polysulfone/alkynyl‐substituted sulfonated polyvinyl alcohol/nafion blend membranes for direct methanol fuel cells

Yuan,

Li,

Dong

et al. 2023

Journal of Polymer Science

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At present, commercial Nafion membrane is not suitable for proton exchange membrane used in direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) due to the severe methanol permeation phenomenon. This work reported the preparation and characterization of azide‐substituted polysulfone (PSU‐N3) and alkynyl‐substituted sulfonated polyvinyl alcohol (SAPVA) crosslinked in the matrix of Nafion membrane base on click chemistry applied in DMFC. The compatibility between PSU‐N3 and SAPVA is promoted due to the formation of crosslinked network structure. Key properties, including dimensional stability, oxidative stability, mechanical behavior, methanol permeability and proton conductivity, are compared with those of the recast Nafion membrane. The prepared blend membranes exhibit lower methanol permeability due to the crosslinked network and well‐dispersed microphase structure of PSU‐PVA in the Nafion matrix. The proton selectivity of the Nafion‐PSU‐PVA‐3 membrane is 9.16 × 104 S s/cm3, much higher than that of the recast Nafion membrane (2.82 × 104 S s/cm3). In DMFC single cell tests, the maximum power density of the Nafion‐PSU‐PVA‐3 membrane is 4.6 mW/cm2, about 58.6% higher than that of the recast Nafion membrane. All the results indicate that the prepared blend membranes have the potential to be applied in DMFC.

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Fabrication and development of SPEEK/PVdF-HFP/SiO2 proton exchange membrane for microbial fuel cell application

Cited by 23 publications

References 62 publications

Development of Sulfonated Poly(vinyl alcohol)/MoS₂-Based Robust Composite Proton Exchange Membranes with Higher Selectivity

Development of Sulfonated Poly(vinyl alcohol)/MoS₂-Based Robust Composite Proton Exchange Membranes with Higher Selectivity

Recent Advances in the Development of Sustainable Composite Materials used as Membranes in Microbial Fuel Cells

Click chemistry‐based azide‐substituted polysulfone/alkynyl‐substituted sulfonated polyvinyl alcohol/nafion blend membranes for direct methanol fuel cells

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Fabrication and development of SPEEK/PVdF-HFP/SiO2 proton exchange membrane for microbial fuel cell application

Cited by 23 publications

References 62 publications

Development of Sulfonated Poly(vinyl alcohol)/MoS2-Based Robust Composite Proton Exchange Membranes with Higher Selectivity

Development of Sulfonated Poly(vinyl alcohol)/MoS2-Based Robust Composite Proton Exchange Membranes with Higher Selectivity

Recent Advances in the Development of Sustainable Composite Materials used as Membranes in Microbial Fuel Cells

Click chemistry‐based azide‐substituted polysulfone/alkynyl‐substituted sulfonated polyvinyl alcohol/nafion blend membranes for direct methanol fuel cells

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Development of Sulfonated Poly(vinyl alcohol)/MoS₂-Based Robust Composite Proton Exchange Membranes with Higher Selectivity

Development of Sulfonated Poly(vinyl alcohol)/MoS₂-Based Robust Composite Proton Exchange Membranes with Higher Selectivity