Fabrication and Cytotoxicity of Gemcitabine-Functionalized Magnetite Nanoparticles

Abstract

Nanotechnology has been successfully used for the fabrication of targeted anti-cancer drug carriers. This study aimed to obtain Fe3O4 nanoparticles functionalized with Gemcitabine to improve the cytotoxic effects of the chemotherapeutic substance on cancer cells. The (un) functionalized magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized using a modified co-precipitation method. The nanoconjugate characterization was performed by XRD, SEM, SAED and HRTEM; the functionalizing of magnetite with anti-tumor substances has been highlighted through TGA. The interaction with biologic media has been studied by means of stability and agglomeration tendency (using DLS and Zeta Potential); also, the release kinetics of the drug in culture media was evaluated. Cytotoxicity of free-Gemcitabine and the obtained nanoconjugate were evaluated on human BT 474 breast ductal carcinoma, HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma and MG 63 osteosarcoma cells by MTS. In parallel, cellular morphology of these cells were examined through fluorescence microscopy and SEM. The localization of the nanoparticles related to the cells was studied using SEM, EDX and TEM. Hemolysis assay showed no damage of erythrocytes. Additionally, an in vivo biodistribution study was made for tracking where Fe3O4@Gemcitabine traveled in the body of mice. Our results showed that the transport of the drug improves the cytotoxic effects in comparison with the one produced by free Gemcitabine for the BT474 and HepG2 cells. The in vivo biodistribution test proved nanoparticle accumulation in the vital organs, with the exception of spleen, where black-brown deposits have been found. These results indicate that our Gemcitabine-functionalized nanoparticles are a promising targeted system for applications in cancer therapy.

Assessment of Anti-Tumor potential and safety of application of Glutathione stabilized Gold Nanoparticles conjugated with Chemotherapeutics

“…More importantly AuNPs-chemotherapeutic conjugate, in some cases, were more effective than chemotherapeutic alone. We compared the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutics on cell lines used in this study (143B, PANC-1, MCF7) with literature data, and generally, we had similar results [31,32,41,42,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. For DOX, Kamba et al, reported that IC50 was around 0.5µg/mL (MG63, osteosarcoma cells), Yui et al, showed that IC 50 was approximately equal 2 µg/mL (PANC1 cells).…”

Enhanced Internalization of Nanoparticles Following Ionizing Radiation Leads to Mitotic Catastrophe in MG-63 Human Osteosarcoma Cells

“…The bare iron oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized ( Supplementary Information, Section S1.1 ) using a modified chemical co-precipitation method, as in Popescu et al [ 18 ], which implied a 1.65:1 Fe 3+ :Fe 2+ ratio, in order to compensate the oxidation of Fe 2+ [ 20 , 21 ]. The biocompatibility of bare Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (NP) was proven by our in vitro data on cyto- and geno-toxicity ( Supplementary Information, Section S2.2 and Figure 2 H), confirming other reports [ 7 ].…”

“…To test our hypothesis, mechanistic investigation concerning the effect of ionizing radiation on the internalization and cytotoxicity of NP-DOX have been performed in a MG-63 human osteosarcoma cell model. We synthesized the nanoparticles (as described in Popescu et al [ 18 ]) and then characterized them using relevant physico-chemical methods ( Supplementary Materials Sections S1.1 and S2.1 ). In vitro testing on MG-63 cells revealed information on the internalization, cyto- and geno-toxicity of NP-DOX and have been used to select the experimental conditions, concentrations and observation time points for the investigations we report here ( Supplementary Materials Section S2.2 ).…”

Magnetically sensitive nanocomposites and magnetic liquids based on magnetite, gemcitabine, and antibody HER2

“…The general side effects include bone marrow suppression, liver and kidney problems, nausea, fever, rash, shortness of breath and hair loss [31][32][33][34]. Therefore, for today, the possibility is actively studied to use GC in composition of magnetically sensitive NC and ML on their basis to create multi-functional antitumor medicines for targeted delivery and local therapy [35][36][37][38].…”