Fabrication and Characterization of Polymer/Liquid Crystal Composite Diffractive Optics by Multiphoton Methods

Xie, Anjian; Ito, Takashi; Higgins, Daniel A.

doi:10.1002/adfm.200600575

Cited by 9 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Nanoscale composite materials via supporting nanoparticles onto another matrix exhibit novel structure and distinguished performance in catalysis 1 2 3 4 5 , optics 6 7 , electronics 8 9 , and other applications 10 . The methods developed for the synthesis of nanoparticles onto the matrix mainly include precipitation 11 12 , sol-gel 13 14 , microwave-assisted synthesis 15 16 , phase transitions and hydrothermal process 17 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Perovskite LaFeO3/montmorillonite nanocomposites: synthesis, interface characteristics and enhanced photocatalytic activity

Peng

Yang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

173

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Perovskite LaFeO3/montmorillonite nanocomposites (LaFeO3/MMT) have been successfully prepared via assembling LaFeO3 nanoparticles on the surface of montmorillonite with citric acid assisted sol-gel method. The results indicated that the uniform LaFeO3 nanoparticles were densely deposited onto the surface of montmorillonite, mainly ranging in diameter from 10 nm to 15 nm. The photocatalytic activity of LaFeO3/MMT was evaluated by the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation, indicating that LaFeO3/MMT exhibited remarkable adsorption efficiency and excellent photocatalytic activity with the overall removal rate of RhB up to 99.34% after visible light irradiation lasting for 90 min. The interface characteristic and possible degradation mechanism were explored. The interface characterization of LaFeO3/MMT suggested that LaFeO3 nanoparticles could be immobilized on the surface of montmorillonite with the Si-O-Fe bonds. The abundant hydroxyl groups of montmorillonite, semiconductor photocatalysis of LaFeO3 and Fenton-like reaction could enhance the photocatalytic degradation through a synergistic effect. Therefore, the LaFeO3/MMT is a very promising photocatalyst in future industrial application to treat effectively wastewater of dyes.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perovskite LaFeO3/montmorillonite nanocomposites: synthesis, interface characteristics and enhanced photocatalytic activity

Peng

Yang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

173

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“…The earliest implementations of such optical elements employed a variety of conventional lithographic methods to pattern surface relief structures into standard negative photoresists before they were transformed into an active device by adding a layer of indexmatched liquid crystalline material. [30][31][32][33][34][35][36] For example, a previous study demonstrated a switchable DOE for use in textured surface inspection. [30] In this case, a He-Cd laser was used to Direct laser writing is demonstrated by two-photon polymerization of multielement diffractive optical components that can be switched on and off with an applied voltage.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adom202102446mentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Switchable Diffractive Optical Elements Fabricated with Two‐Photon Polymerization

O'Neill

Salter

Zhao

et al. 2022

Advanced Optical Materials

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Direct laser writing is demonstrated by two‐photon polymerization of multi‐element diffractive optical components that can be switched on and off with an applied voltage. By exploiting the 3D capabilities of the laser microfabrication technique, multiple diffractive optical elements are written into a single liquid crystal (LC) layer. The switching behavior of the diffractive optical elements is controlled by simply changing the write‐voltage of the anisotropic polymer structures during fabrication. Initially, 2D diffraction gratings are written at different depths within the LC layer. Each element is then activated by applying a voltage of sufficient amplitude that causes the second diffractive optical element to become inactive. This is then followed by a demonstration of multi‐element computer generated holograms that are written at different depths within the LC layer. By altering the magnitude of the applied voltage, different images/patterns can be observed in the replay field using a simple electrode configuration. These compact and transmissive LC optical components could excel in applications where a degree of switchability is required but a highly pixelated fully programmable device is excessive.

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“…Beam steering is relevant in several sectors of photonics, including microscopy, [24] displays, [25] object detection, [26] and optical tele-and data communication. [27,28] The existing technology involves devices like MEMS mirrors [29][30] or, for instance, phase gratings, [31][32][33] and is based on electrical, [34] electromechanical [35] or acousto-optic [36] effects. Nonetheless, optically tunable photonic components have been demonstrated for structures made by GST (Ge3Sb2Te6) and VO2 but their very complex, subwavelength-scale structuration (phase array devices) [37][38][39][40][41][42][43] requires extremely precise nanofabrication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structured Optical Materials Controlled by Light

Nocentini¹,

Martella

Parmeggiani

et al. 2018

Advanced Optical Materials

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light of wavelengths commensurate to their periodicity and, depending on their arrangement and composition, they form photonic structures of different complexity, ranging from 1D gratings (Bragg grating) up to 3D photonic crystals. In all these cases, light-matter interaction leads to characteristic optical features, such as reflection and transmission profiles of diffractive gratings and, even more interestingly, the propagation inhibition of certain frequencies (photonic band gap) in photonic crystals. Surprisingly, nature presents numerous examples of how optical properties can be affected by nanoscale structuration. In fact, many living organisms adopt structural coloration, [1] a nanometric arrangement of dielectric geometric units on their skin or shell, to create vivid and bright structural colors. This way they adapt to the surrounding environment, send warning messages, or mislead their natural enemies through camouflage. [2] Mimic nature, and in particular actual reconfigurable mechanisms, [3] is fundamental also in man-made photonic applications to control the optical response of devices or materials. Current strategies include the use of the electrooptic effect, [4] temperature sensitivity, [5] and carrier injection. [6] Another method relies on the birefringent behavior of liquid crystals (LCs), [7] which can be infiltrated in photonic structures allowing to control the refractive index through temperature, [8] electric, [9] or magnetic [10] fields. Materials with structural color can be effectively-but invasively and slowly-tuned by deforming them, for instance by applying mechanical pressure or stress. [11] This is the only proposed tuning method over the optical response that acts on the unit cell variation instead of relying on refractive index control. Here we wish to explore a different route to achieve tuning and switching of photonic materials, using the light itself as a means to control the mechanical state of a periodic material. By creating a structured material out of photoresponsive polymer, we show that it is possible to induce mechanical deformation-and hence a huge change in the optical response of the material-by simply shining light on it. De facto, this constitutes a nonlinear optical effect, with sub-millisecond time response, using mechanical deformation as an intermediate step. The deformation, and hence the nonlinear response, takes place only in the illuminated region and therefore can be precisely local. The photoresponsive polymers that we use are light sensitive liquid crystal networks (LCN), [12] or elastomers, which have the ability to strongly deform in a reproducible way. [13] It has been demonstrated that LCN can be Materials whose optical response is determined by their structure are of much interest both for their fundamental properties and applications. Examples range from simple gratings to photonic crystals. Obtaining control over the optical properties is of crucial importance in this context, and it is often attempted by electro-optical effect or by using m...

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Fabrication and Characterization of Polymer/Liquid Crystal Composite Diffractive Optics by Multiphoton Methods

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Perovskite LaFeO3/montmorillonite nanocomposites: synthesis, interface characteristics and enhanced photocatalytic activity

Perovskite LaFeO3/montmorillonite nanocomposites: synthesis, interface characteristics and enhanced photocatalytic activity

3D Switchable Diffractive Optical Elements Fabricated with Two‐Photon Polymerization

Structured Optical Materials Controlled by Light

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