Fabrication and characterization of poly(γ-glutamic acid)-graft-chondroitin sulfate/polycaprolactone porous scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering

Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid) as an Exogenous Promoter of Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells

“…Chang et al developed g-PGA-graft-chondroitin sulfate-blend-poly(e-caprolactone) scaffolds that were shown to support rat articular chondrocyte culture for 4 weeks. 33 Prescott patented g-PGA injection for the treatment of degenerative joint diseases. 34 Nevertheless, none of these studies has clarified g-PGA potential for the process of chondrogenesis.…”

“…[30][31][32] g-PGA-blended scaffolds were reported to support rat chondrocyte cultures. 33 A patent describing the injection of g-PGA for the treatment of degenerative joint diseases has also been filed. 34 Nevertheless, how g-PGA influences cell differentiation toward the chondrogenic lineage and cartilaginous ECM production has never been explored.…”

“…36,42 This high purity level is very attractive since commercially available g-PGA usually has low (c.a. 70%) or unknown purity levels, 33,[43][44][45] which may hinder its application in the biomedical field, and especially when it comes to clinical translation.…”

One-Step Electrodeposition of Self-Assembled Colloidal Particles: A Novel Strategy for Biomedical Coating

“…1,2 γ-PGA and its derivatives have been widely used in many fields, such as drug delivery, 3 tissue engineering, 4 and wound dressing, because of their biodegradability and biocompatibility. 5 γ-PGA has abundant free carboxyl groups that can be modified by functional groups or polymers to prepare desired polymers.…”

Electrospun chitosan-graft-poly (ε-caprolactone)/poly (ε-caprolactone) nanofibrous scaffolds for retinal tissue engineering

“…16,17,21 Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), a semicrystalline biodegradable polyester, has received US Food and Drug Administration approval for several clinical applications for humans, and it is also a commonly used scaffold for tissue engineering due to its high biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and nontoxicity. [22][23][24] However, the drawbacks of PCL, such as its strong hydrophobicity, slow degradation kinetics, and lack of bioactive functions, have greatly limited its application as scaffolds in tissue engineering. 16,17 Therefore, blending the bioactive functions of chitosan with the good mechanical properties of PCL to generate a new biohybrid material should show an improvement in biological, mechanical, and degradation properties compared with the individual components.…”