Fabrication and Characterization of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes—Graphene-Based Sandwich Composite Pressure Sensor

Ali, Asar; Ali, Farman; Rashedi, Ahmad; Armghan, Ammar; Fajita, M R Nurul; Alenezi, Fayadh; Babu, N. B. Karthik

doi:10.3390/nano11051284

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The approach chosen in the research opens up wide possibilities for controlling the composites' structure and properties by choosing the initial waste powders introduced into the starting powder mixture to form the strong metal matrix and adding the solid lubricant by the necessary amount [22,23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Properties of New Antifriction Composites Based on Tool Steel Grinding Waste

et al. 2021

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This article investigates the impact of manufacturing technology on the structure, mechanical, and tribological properties of new antifriction composite materials based on R6M5 high-speed tool steel grinding waste. The characteristics of the new composite’s structure formation and its impact on properties after use of the established technological modes, including grinding waste regeneration, were illustrated. It was demonstrated that such technology is capable of ensuring microheterogeneous structure. The material’s structure consists of the metal matrix based on R6M5 high-speed tool steel waste and uniformly distributed CaF2 solid lubricant in the steel matrix. As compared to known iron-based composites, this structure promotes a high degree of mechanical and tribological properties. During tribological tests, anti-seize thin films of 15–20 μm are formed on the contacting surfaces. These constantly renewable films contribute to the high antifriction properties of the composite under the studied friction conditions and provide a self-lubricating effect. Such films fully cover both the material’s surface and the counterface. The formation of antifriction films results in the self-lubrication mode. The findings of the study open up the possibility of predicting the friction behavior of a composite at high temperatures by selecting the initial metal grinding waste to ensure the appropriate level of properties. The extensive use of various alloy steel-based industrial grinding waste in the re-production cycle would significantly contribute to resolving the global environmental problem of protecting the environment from pollution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Properties of New Antifriction Composites Based on Tool Steel Grinding Waste

et al. 2021

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“…In recent years, artificial intelligence has gradually been becoming a quite hot research area and is regarded as the core technology leading the fourth industrial revolution, which means that human labor can be replaced in principle by intelligent robots. Flexible strain sensors can be integrated into machines as a sensing element for machine perception, and human-robot interaction [53,[210][211][212][213][214][215][216][217][218][219][220], which is crucial for Industry 4.0. Recently, Zhao et al [54] reported a flexible thin-film e-skin composed of CNTs/PDMS composite film with layered structure and interdigital electrode.…”

Section: Human-machine Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

0D to 2D carbon-based materials in flexible strain sensors: recent advances and perspectives

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2023

2D Mater.

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In the past decade, flexible strain sensors have attracted much attention in the fields of health care, soft robots and other flexible electronics due to their unique flexibility, high stability, and strong mechanical properties. To further meet the requirements of the excellent performance for electronic equipment, carbon-based conductive sensitive materials have become one of the first choice for the preparation of flexible strain sensors due to their excellent electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, and high compatibility. Herein, based on different strain behaviors, this paper analyzes the working mechanism of tensile and compressive strain sensors, focusing on the latest research progress of carbon-based conductive materials in strain sensors with different dimensions. The applications of carbon-based sensitive materials with multifunctional strain sensing in the areas of physiological information detection, human motion, human-machine interaction, and visual display have also been summarized. Furthermore, it has been attempted to discuss the current challenges of carbon-based strain sensors as well as the prospect of flexible strain sensors. This review is aimed to provide appropriate references for further exploitation of multi-functional flexible carbon-based strain sensors.

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“…Wood and crop leftovers are also used as a biofuel [8,9]. Alternative energy sources that are nearby available, particularly renewable, and ecologically beneficial by helping CO 2 balance should be investigated and used to meet energy demands [10,11]. Forestry, agricultural leftovers, and residues are being investigated as a critical resource of bioenergy and biomaterials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life cycle environmental sustainability and cumulative energy assessment of biomass pellets biofuel derived from agroforest residues

Rashedi

Gul²,

Hussain³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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This study was carried out to produce low-emitting biomass pellets biofuel from selected forest trees such as (Cedrus deodara and Pinus wallichiana) and agricultural crop residues such as (Zea mays and Triticum aestivum) in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan using indigenously developed technology called pelletizer machine. Characterization, environmental life cycle impact assessment, and cumulative energy demand of biomass pellets biofuel produced from selected agriculture crops and forest tree residues were conducted. The primary data for biomass pellets production was collected by visiting various wood processing factories, sawmills, and agricultural crop fields in the study area. Biomass pellets are a type of biofuel that is often made by compressing sawdust and crushing biomass material into a powdery form. The particles are agglomerated as the raw material is extensively compressed and pelletized. Biomass pellets have lower moisture content, often less than 12%. Physically, the produced pellets were characterized to determine moisture content, pellet dimensions, bulk density, higher heating value, ash content, lower heating value, and element analysis. A functional unit of one kilogram (kg) biomass pellets production was followed in this study.The life cycle impact assessment of one kg biomass pellets biofuel produced from selected agro-forest species revealed environmental impact categories such as acidification (0.006 kg SO2 eq/kg pellets), abiotic depletion (0.018 kg Sb eq/kg pellets), marine aquatic ecotoxicity (417.803 kg 1,4-DB eq/kg pellets), human toxicity (1.107 kg 1,4-DB eq/kg pellets), freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity (0.191 kg 1,4-DB eq/kg pellets), eutrophication (0.001 kg PO4 eq/kg pellets), global warming (0.802 kg CO2 eq/kg pellets), and terrestrial ecotoxicity (0.008 kg 1,4-DB eq/kg pellets). Fossil fuel consumption was the hotspot source to all environmental impacts investigated. To measure the cumulative energy demand of biomass pellets made from different agroforestry species leftovers showed that the maximum cumulative energy was from wheat straw pellets (13.737 MJ), followed by corncob pellets (11.754 MJ), deodar sawdust pellets (10.905 MJ) and blue pine sawdust pellets (10.877 MJ). Among the various production activities, collection and transportation of primary raw material, crushing, screening, adding adhesives, pelletizing, cooling, final screening, and packing have the maximum contribution to the water scarcity index, followed by lubricating oil (0.00147m3). In contrast, the minimum contribution to water footprint was from electricity (0.00008m3) and wheat starch (0.00005m3). The highest contribution to the ecological footprint impact categories such as carbon dioxide, nuclear, and land occupation was lubricating oil and less contribution of wheat starch and electricity for manufacturing one kg pellets biofuel. It is concluded that physico-mechanical and combustion properties of the biomass pellets biofuel developed in the present study were following the Italian recommended standards. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that the Government of Pakistan should introduce the renewable biomass pellets industry in the country to reduce dependency on fossil fuels for cooking and heating purposes.

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Fabrication and Characterization of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes—Graphene-Based Sandwich Composite Pressure Sensor

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Structure and Properties of New Antifriction Composites Based on Tool Steel Grinding Waste

Structure and Properties of New Antifriction Composites Based on Tool Steel Grinding Waste

0D to 2D carbon-based materials in flexible strain sensors: recent advances and perspectives

Life cycle environmental sustainability and cumulative energy assessment of biomass pellets biofuel derived from agroforest residues

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