Fabrication and characterization of graded calcium phosphate coatings produced by ion beam sputtering/mixing deposition

Calcium orthophosphate deposits: Preparation, properties and biomedical applications

“…A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 18 To sputter materials, several types of the techniques are used, such as: ion beam [216][217][218][219][220][221][222][223][224][225][226], radio-frequency (RF) magnetron [227-244k], pulsed laser [58,75,232,, electroncyclotron-resonance plasma [266][267][268], diode, direct current and reactive sputtering or deposition [269,270]. However, since CaPO 4 belong to the electrically insulating materials, the last three techniques cannot be used for their spattering.…”

“…Then an ion implantation technique, with ions such as Ar + , N 2 + and O 2 + , is used to make them crystalline [216][217][218][219][220][221][222][223][224][225][226]. A high bond strength associated with IBAD technique appears to be a consequence of an atomic intermixing interfacial layer, which can be up to a few microns thick.…”

Calcium Hydroxyapatite Thin Films on Titanium Substrates Prepared by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Such composites are widely used, because they have a capability to integrate directly into bone tissues through the processes of resorption and/or the processes of formation of a new bone on the surface of implant covered by calcium hydroxyapatite. [10][11][12][14][15][16] A variety of methods [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] can be used for the synthesis of calcium hydroxyapatite films, such as electrophoretic deposition, 17) electrocrystallization, 18) plasma spray deposition, 19,20) flame spray deposition, 19) magnetic field spattering, 21) deposition by aging in fluids like SBF fluids, 14) ion beam spattering, 22,23) laser beam spattering, 24) electron beam evaporation, 25) sol-gel, 26) aerosol-gel 27) and hydrothermal synthesis. 8,13) Most of these methods are expensive vacuumbased techniques, with problems related to the film homogeneity, require batch processing and usually high-vapourpressure chemicals or high purity targets as starting materials.…”

Apatite formation behavior on bio-ceramic films prepared by MOCVD

“…It is known that the regeneration of apatite on Ti substrates can be promoted by bio-ceramic coatings such as hydroxyapatite (HAp, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2), tricalcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2) and calcium titanate (CaTiO3). Many kinds of process have been used to prepare the bio-ceramic films, such as ion beam sputtering, 3) laser beam sputtering, 4) magnetic field sputtering, 5) sol-gel, 6) aerosol-gel, 7) electrophoretic deposition, 8) plasma spray deposition 9) and ion beam evaporation. 10) In these processes, the adherence between coatings and the substrate is the primal issue for practical applications, and therefore several techniques have been developed by modifying the surface, such as controlling surface roughness, 11) pre-oxidation of Ti surface forming TiO2 12) and CaTiO3 coating as a buffer layer.…”