Fabrication and characterization of all-covalent nanocomposite functionalized screen-printed voltammetric sensors

Different Electrochemical Sensor Designs Based on Diazonium Salts and Gold Nanoparticles for Pico Molar Detection of Metals

“…The electrochemical grafting of the AuNPs-modified ITO surface was carried out in a mixture of 4-MPD and tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate by sweeping the potential between −1 and −0.1 V for 12 cycles at a scan rate of 0.1 V s −1 . Then, the electrodes functionalized by 4-MPD were washed with ethanol [ 32 ].…”

“…Within the hybrid materials reported in the literature, AuNPs and diazonium compounds have been abundantly employed to design electrode materials for sensor applications [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. This is primarily due to the simplicity of the reaction between Au NPs and diazonium salts.…”

A post-functionalization toolbox for diazonium (electro)-grafted surfaces: review of the coupling methods

“…The interfacial diazotization reaction can be carried out in acidic aqueous solutions or in organic solvents. In aqueous media, the nitrosating reagent is usually sodium nitrite (NaNO 2 ) dissolved in 0.1 M-0.5 M HCl, 25,[186][187][188][189][190] as diazonium salts are only stable at pH o 4. 185 Reactions in organic solvents are commonly performed in acetonitrile using nitrosyl tetrafluoroborate, tert-butyl nitrite or isoamyl nitrite as nitrosating reagent.…”

Fabrication of Anchored Complexes as Electrodes for Sensing Heavy Metal Ions by Electrochemical Method

“…Among the hazardous substances, lead is known to prompt an expansive scope of physiological, biochemical, and behavioural dysfunctions in creatures, which incorporate troubling the frameworks of the heart, blood, nerve, kidneys and liver 54 .The massive impairment of these metal particles to the earth, physique and sustainment, have created a basic need for creating productive detecting frameworks that are susceptible and concrete, as well as exact cost effective, and sensible 1,55 .Over previous decades, various spectroscopic techniques [56][57][58][59][60][61][62] and different synthetically adapted electrodes [63][64][65][66][67][68] have come up with the evaluation of Pb 2+ .The estimation of these systems is precisely not reasonable due to their convoluted and massive instruments. While analyzing these strategies, it is found that the electrochemical techniques have been pulled in more prominent consideration in the most recent two decades on account of their minimal effort, P 1 ( p r o b e 1 ) : 5…”