Fabrication and characterization of adenine‐grafted carbon‐modified amorphous ZnO with enhanced catalytic activity

Abstract

Sustainability has become a countersign and guiding rule for current field of nanocatalysis. Herein, we report a cost‐effective, greener, clean, and proficient process for the formation of adenine‐grafted carbon‐modified amorphous ZnO nanocatalyst (ZnO@AC) derived from garment industry waste (waste cotton cloth). Due to adenine functionality, catalyst provides consistent dispersion of ZnO providing catalytically active sites for the synthesis of pyrano[2,3‐d]pyrimidines and bis(pyrazol‐5‐ole) and alters the electron–hole pair recombination without notable mass‐transfer limitation. The photocatalytic evaluation of ZnO@AC was performed on methyl orange (MO) dye under UV light and 87.3% degradation efficiency resulted in 75 min. Moreover, the catalyst was recyclable and could be reused up to eight runs, making it more sustainable. The morphology of ZnO@AC remained intact with the slight agglomeration of ZnO nanoparticles (nps) after eight recoveries according to the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of the used catalyst.

Surface Modification of ZnO Nanorods using Stearic Acid and their Self‐cleaning and Photocatalytic Applications

“…[47,48] The SA modified ZnO NRs degrade CV in shorter irradiation time (25 min) compared to the reported timings (Table S3). [83][84][85][86][87][88][89] In comparison with literature, the surface modification of ZnO NRs with SA, in the present study, requires very less time (5 min).…”

Transformation of Waste Toner Powder into Valuable Fe2O3 Nanoparticles for the Preparation of Recyclable Co(II)-NH2-SiO2@Fe2O3 and Its Applications in the Synthesis of Polyhydroquinoline and Quinazoline Derivatives

“…The polycrystalline nature of the catalyst was retained, as depicted in Figure d. However, agglomeration was also observed, which was another reason for the decline after the fifth run of recyclability. , …”

“…However, agglomeration was also observed, which was another reason for the decline after the fifth run of recyclability. 57,58…”

Green Synthesis of Bis(pyrazol‐5‐ole) and Pyrazolopyranopyrimidine Derivatives through Mechanochemistry Using Chitosan as a Biodegradable Catalyst

“…in the synthesis of bis(pyrazol‐5‐ole) and amine@functionalized poly‐3,3‐bis(chloromethyl) oxetane, meglumine, β ‐dextrine, etc. in the synthesis of pyrazolopyranopyrimidine (Table 1) have been reported earlier but they have many drawbacks [31–38] …”

“…in the synthesis of pyrazolopyranopyrimidine (Table 1) have been reported earlier but they have many drawbacks. [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] The current aim of an organic chemist is to maintain the protocol of Green Chemistry and the basics of the area can be smoothened or improved by the transition from traditional, solution-based chemistry to mechanochemical, atom economic and solvent-free conditions. So, we planned to exploit chitosan as a biodegradable catalyst for the multi-component synthesis of each of bis(pyrazol-5-ole) and pyrazolopyranopyrimidine using pestle and mortar under solvent-free conditions (Scheme 1).…”