Fabrication and Characterization of Acute Myocardial Infarction Myoglobin Biomarker Based on Chromium-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

Abstract

In this article, we describe the fabrication and characterization of a sensor for acute myocardial infarction that detects myoglobin biomarkers using chromium (Cr)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs). Pure and Cr-doped ZnO NPs (13 × 1017, 20 × 1017, and 32 × 1017 atoms/cm3 in the solid phase) were synthesized by a facile low-temperature sol-gel method. Synthesized NPs were examined for structure and morphological analysis using various techniques to confirm the successful formation of ZnO NPs. Zeta potential was measured in LB media at a negative value and increased with doping. XPS spectra confirmed the presence of oxygen deficiency in the synthesized material. To fabricate the sensor, synthesized NPs were screen-printed over a pre-fabricated gold-coated working electrode for electrochemical detection of myoglobin (Mb). Cr-doped ZnO NPs doped with 13 × 1017 Cr atomic/cm3 revealed the highest sensitivity of ~37.97 μA.cm−2nM−1 and limit of detection (LOD) of 0.15 nM for Mb with a response time of ≤10 ms. The interference study was carried out with cytochrome c (Cyt-c) due to its resemblance with Mb and human serum albumin (HSA) abundance in the blood and displayed distinct oxidation potential and current values for Mb. Cr-doped ZnO NP-based Mb biosensors showed 3 times higher sensitivity as compared to pure ZnO NP-based sensors.

How Cr doping influences on the properties of ZnO nanoparticles obtained by aqueous synthesis: Exploring at low Cr concentrations

“…Dopants influence on properties such as band gap, optical properties, ferromagnetic properties, electrical conductivity, transport of carriers and modifying the surface [5]. One of the transition metals that has been deeply studied is Cr due to its expected applications [17][18][19][20], including the medical uses [21,22]. Cr atoms can present several oxidation states.…”

A Paper-Based Photoelectrochemical Sensing Platform Based on In Situ Grown ZnO/ZnIn2S4 Heterojunctions onto Paper Fibers for Sensitively Detecting AFP

“…As a typical semiconductor, ZnO, with its admirable photoelectric properties and excellent chemical stabilities, has been widely utilized as an effective photoactive nanomaterial to construct a device for PEC bioassay applications [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. On the other hand, the intrinsic broad band gap (3.37 eV) of electronic and undesired rapid recombination rate of photo-induced electron/hole pairs of ZnO have highly limited its photocurrent conversion efficiency, further inducing the reduced photo-current signal during PEC bioassay process.…”