Fabricating a novel ternary recyclable Fe3O4/graphene/sulfur-doped g-C3N4 composite catalyst for enhanced removal of ranitidine under visible-light irradiation and reducing of its N-nitrosodimethylamine formation potential

Dual-Mode-Driven Micromotor Based on Foam-like Carbon Nitride and Fe3O4 with Improved Manipulation and Photocatalytic Performance

“…High-resolution C 1s, N 1s, O 1s, and Fe 2p XPS spectra of Fe 3 O 4 /f-C 3 N 4 were further explored (Figures c–f). The C 1s XPS spectrum is deconvoluted into three peaks, attributed to the C–C, C–(N) 3 , and N–CN groups. , The N 1s XPS spectrum presents two peaks at 398.7 and 401.1 eV, corresponding to the N–(C) 3 /C­(O)–NH 2 groups and graphitic- N . The O 1s XPS spectrum shows three peaks located at 532.1, 530.7, and 529.5 eV, ascribed to the C–O, O–H, and Fe–O groups, respectively .…”

“…In the Fe 2p XPS spectrum, the peaks located at 724.9 and 711.0 eV correspond to Fe 2p 1/2 and Fe 2p 3/2 . The distinct asymmetric shape of the peaks for Fe 2p 1/2 and Fe 2p 3/2 suggests the existence of Fe 3 O 4 in the composite. ,, Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed on Fe 3 O 4 /f-C 3 N 4 under an air atmosphere from 50 to 800 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C min –1 to measure the content of Fe 3 O 4 in the Fe 3 O 4 /f-C 3 N 4 hybrid (Figure S1). From the TGA curves of pure Fe 3 O 4 , f-C 3 N 4 , and Fe 3 O 4 /f-C 3 N 4 , the weight fraction of Fe 3 O 4 is calculated as ca.…”

“…The addition of a small amount of H 2 O 2 (i.e., 0.2, 0.5, and 2%) further enhances the reaction kinetics and reaches k values of 0.013, 0.015, and 0.034 min –1 , respectively, which are 2.6, 3, and 6 times that without H 2 O 2 . The accelerated degradation reaction by H 2 O 2 mainly results from the enhanced photo-Fenton reaction. , The mechanism for the increased reaction kinetics under a rotary magnetic field is further explored. As shown in Figure e, Fe 3 O 4 /f-C 3 N 4 motors merge into compact aggregates under the rotatory magnetic field, which further converge to increase the local concentration of catalysts.…”

“…57 Figure 5d shows the snapshots of a Fe 3 O 4 /f-C 3 N 4 micromotor rotating in a rotary magnetic field of 1 Hz and 3 mT. 40,54 The mechanism for the increased reaction kinetics under a rotary magnetic field is further explored. As shown in Figure 6e, Fe 3 O 4 /f-C 3 N 4 motors merge into compact aggregates under the rotatory magnetic field, which further converge to increase the local concentration of catalysts.…”

A Comprehensive Review of Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C3N4)–Metal Oxide-Based Nanocomposites: Potential for Photocatalysis and Sensing

“…Graphene, as other carbon-based materials also used to improve the efficiency of Fe 3 O 4 /g-C 3 N 4 composites. Wng et al showed that the Fe 3 O 4 /graphene/S doped g-C 3 N 4 dose of 1.0 g/L comprising 20% Fe 3 O 4 mass fraction could completely remove Ranitidine (≤2 mg/L) in 60 min, an initial pH of 7.0 [229].…”